Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Definition of Incident Metabolic Syndrome
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.1.1. The Risk of Incident MetS According to the Baseline Adiponectin Level and the Change in Adiponectin Level
3.1.2. The Incident Risk of Individual MetS Components According to the Baseline Adiponectin Level and the Change in Adiponectin Level
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Low Adiponectin at Baseline | High Adiponectin at Baseline | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Decreased Adiponectin during Follow-Up (n = 334) | Increased Adiponectin during Follow-Up (n = 221) | Decreased Adiponectin during Follow-Up (n = 401) | Increased Adiponectin during Follow-Up (n = 154) | p-Value |
Age (years) | 53.01 ± 7.86 ‡§ | 54.70 ± 7.95 | 55.71 ± 8.47 * | 56.71 ± 8.13 * | <0.0001 |
Sex (male, %) | 136 (40.72) | 93 (42.08) | 169 (42.14) | 60 (38.96) | 0.904 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.00 ± 2.74 § | 23.80 ± 2.65 | 23.63 ± 2.81 | 23.09 ± 3.04 * | 0.009 |
BMI change | −0.32 ± 1.19 † | 0.00 ± 1.18 *‡ | −0.29 ± 1.12 † | −0.25 ± 1.22 | 0.008 |
Waist circumference | 81.38 ± 7.46 § | 80.11 ± 7.53 | 80.96 ± 7.89 | 79.28 ± 8.36 * | 0.026 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.28 ± 16.26 | 123.48 ± 16.26 | 123.74 ± 16.35 | 124.96 ± 16.29 | 0.075 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.56 ± 10.64 | 80.45 ± 11.19 | 80.67 ± 11.06 | 81.97 ± 11.08 | 0.151 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.91 ± 4.69 | 2.01 ± 6.63 | 1.96 ± 4.34 | 2.50 ± 10.85 | 0.788 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 15.32 ± 4.05 | 14.77 ± 4.00 ‡§ | 15.74 ± 4.15 † | 15.97 ± 4.73 † | 0.016 |
Cr (mg/dL) | 0.95 ± 0.15 | 0.94 ± 0.14 | 0.94 ± 0.16 | 0.96 ± 0.20 | 0.623 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 91.78 ± 18.31 | 90.47 ± 10.83 | 90.12 ± 12.44 | 89.66 ± 15.57 | 0.356 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.51 ± 35.55 | 196.06 ± 35.66 | 202.75 ± 36.23 | 198.43 ± 37.18 | 0.151 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.89 ± 9.92 ‡ | 48.52 ± 10.58 ‡ | 51.90 ± 12.49 *† | 50.55 ± 10.36 | <0.0001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 117.77 ± 30.12 | 117.35 ± 29.91 | 117.89 ± 30.77 | 117.73 ± 32.33 | 0.997 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107.5 (81.0–143.0) § | 99.0 (75.0–129.0) | 102.0 (77.0–133.0) | 94.0 (71.0–122.0) * | 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.66 ± 0.26 †§ | 4.58 ± 0.25 * | 4.62 ± 0.27 § | 4.54 ± 0.25 *‡ | <0.0001 |
Adiponectin (baseline) | 7.20 (5.45–8.66) ‡§ | 6.25 (4.87–7.90) ‡§ | 13.65 (11.68–16.61) *† | 13.01 (11.35–15.31) *† | <0.0001 |
Adiponectin (follow-up) | 5.23 (3.60–6.94) †‡§ | 8.89 (6.66–11.89) *§ | 9.75 (7.30–12.20) *§ | 15.54 (13.43–18.76) *†‡ | <0.0001 |
Leptin | 4.61 (2.30–8.54) | 4.87 (1.81–8.18) | 4.00 (1.92–7.68) | 3.96 (1.94–6.89) | 0.106 |
HOMA-IR | 1.54 (1.24–1.98) § | 1.48 (1.21–1.89) | 1.49 (1.20–1.89) | 1.34 (1.08–1.75) * | 0.006 |
Alcohol intake (%) | 155 (46.41) | 85 (38.46) | 185 (46.13) | 62 (40.26) | 0.161 |
Regular exercise (%) | 90 (27.27) | 60 (27.15) | 103 (25.88) | 38 (24.68) | 0.922 |
Current smoker (%) | 72 (21.56) | 37 (16.74) | 65 (16.21) | 17 (11.04) | 0.031 |
Low Baseline Decreased FU | Low Baseline Increased FU | High Baseline Decreased FU | High Baseline Increased FU | p for Trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 1110) | 334 | 221 | 401 | 154 | |
Number of incident case (%) | 61 (18.26) | 51 (23.08) | 56 (13.97) | 12 (7.79) | 0.001 |
Person-years | 880.83 | 759.08 | 1188.83 | 422.25 | |
Incidence rate (1000 person-year) | 69.25 | 67.19 | 47.11 | 28.42 | |
Crude HR | reference | 0.79 (0.54–1.15) | 0.59 (0.41–0.85) | 0.41 (0.22–0.77) | <0.0001 |
Model 1 | reference | 0.76 (0.52–1.11) | 0.55 (0.38–0.80) | 0.38 (0.20–0.71) | <0.0001 |
Model 2 | reference | 0.62 (0.41–0.93) | 0.58 (0.40–0.84) | 0.33 (0.17–0.63) | <0.0001 |
Men (n = 458) | 136 | 93 | 169 | 60 | |
Number of incident cases (%) | 25 (18.38) | 22 (23.66) | 20 (11.83) | 4 (6.67) | 0.010 |
Person-years | 357.08 | 318.17 | 475.67 | 183.50 | |
Incidence rate (1000 person-year) | 70.01 | 69.15 | 42.05 | 21.80 | |
Crude HR | reference | 0.70 (0.39–1.27) | 0.52 (0.29–0.93) | 0.25 (0.09–0.73) | 0.002 |
Model 1 | reference | 0.65 (0.35–1.18) | 0.46 (0.25–0.86) | 0.21 (0.07–0.64) | 0.001 |
Model 2 | reference | 0.39 (0.19–0.78) | 0.36 (0.18–0.69) | 0.08 (0.02–0.27) | <0.0001 |
Women (n = 652) | 198 | 128 | 232 | 94 | |
Number of incident case (%) | 36 (18.18) | 29 (22.66) | 36 (15.52) | 8 (8.51) | 0.036 |
Person-years | 523.75 | 440.92 | 713.17 | 238.75 | |
Incident rate (1000 person-year) | 68.74 | 65.77 | 50.48 | 33.51 | |
Crude HR | reference | 0.84 (0.51–1.39) | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) | 0.55 (0.26–1.19) | 0.033 |
Model 1 | reference | 0.81 (0.49–1.34) | 0.59 (0.37–0.94) | 0.51 (0.23–1.09) | 0.012 |
Model 2 | reference | 0.73 (0.43–1.23) | 0.65 (0.40–1.05) | 0.69 (0.31–1.50) | 0.102 |
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Huh, J.H.; Yoon, T.W.; Kang, D.R.; Kim, J.Y. Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050599
Huh JH, Yoon TW, Kang DR, Kim JY. Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(5):599. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050599
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuh, Ji Hye, Tae Woong Yoon, Dae Ryong Kang, and Jang Young Kim. 2019. "Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 5: 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050599