Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients Treated on Intensive and Intermediate Care Units: A Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Screening
3. Assessment of Medical Nutrition Therapy
3.1. Energy Needs
3.2. Protein Needs
4. Practical Implementation
4.1. Special Risk Groups
4.1.1. Obese and Bariatric Patients
4.1.2. Geriatric Patients
4.1.3. Other Risk Groups
4.2. International Guidelines on Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients
4.3. Medical Nutrition Therapy: EN, PN, ONS, and Combinations
4.4. Adaptation/Reassessment and Monitoring
4.5. Role of the Intensive Care Unit Dietician
4.6. Continuation of Medical Nutrition Therapy After Transfer or Discharge to Home
5. Complications
5.1. Over- and Underfeeding
5.2. Refeeding Syndrome
5.3. Parenteral Nutrition
5.4. Enteral Nutrition
Enteral Nutrition and Dysphagia: Risk of Aspiration, Swallowing Screening
6. Financial Aspects
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kopp Lugli, A.; de Watteville, A.; Hollinger, A.; Goetz, N.; Heidegger, C. Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients Treated on Intensive and Intermediate Care Units: A Literature Review. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091395
Kopp Lugli A, de Watteville A, Hollinger A, Goetz N, Heidegger C. Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients Treated on Intensive and Intermediate Care Units: A Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(9):1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091395
Chicago/Turabian StyleKopp Lugli, Andrea, Aude de Watteville, Alexa Hollinger, Nicole Goetz, and Claudia Heidegger. 2019. "Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients Treated on Intensive and Intermediate Care Units: A Literature Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9: 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091395