The Influence of Gender in The Prognostic Impact of Diabetes mellitus in acute Pulmonary Embolism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | All (n = 577) | Women (n = 364) | Men (n = 213) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male gender, n (%) | 213 (36.9) | |||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 65 (19) | 67 (18) | 62 (19) | 0.003 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 114 (19.8) | 71 (19.5) | 43 (20.2) | 0.84 |
Arterial Hypertension, n (%) | 318 (55.1) | 221 (60.7) | 97 (45.5) | <0.001 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 12.5 (2.3) | 12.1 (2.0) | 13.1 (2.2) | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0.93 (0.72–1.30) | 0.90 (0.70–1.30) | 1.00 (0.80–1.30) | 0.003 |
Lymphocytes (cells/µL), median (IQR) | 1600 (1015–2270) | 1740 (1110–2340) | 1410 (950–2030) | 0.001 |
Platelets | 205 (159–267) | 220 (167–287) | 187 (146–239) | <0.001 |
C–Reactive Protein (mg/L), median (IQR) | 39.8 (15.7–93.7) | 34.8 (14.2–79.6) | 51.9 (17.7–115.4) | 0.005 |
BNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 283.0 (85.9–744.6) | 284.8 (88.9–759.1) | 278.8 (80.8–679.5) | 0.87 |
Central/bilateral PE, n (%) | 175 (30.4) | 115 (31.8) | 60 (28.2) | 0.36 |
idiopathic PE, n (%) | 376 (65.2) | 237 (65.1) | 139 (65.3) | 0.97 |
Thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | 67 (11.6) | 45 (12.4) | 22 (10.3) | 0.46 |
All–cause death, n (%) | 240 (41.6) | 140 (38.5) | 100 (46.9) | 0.05 |
Characteristics | HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Diabetes mellitus | 2.33 (1.51–3.61) | <0.001 |
Male gender | 1.84 (1.27–2.68) | 0.001 |
Arterial hypertension history | 0.67 (0.47–0.97) | 0.03 |
Central and bilateral Pulmonary embolism | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 0.06 |
C–reactive protein (per 10 mg/L) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.15 |
B–type natriuretic peptide (per 100 pg/mL) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 |
Anemia | 1.22 (0.89–1.67) | 0.23 |
Creatinine >1.5 mg/dL | 1.76 (1.24–2.52) | 0.002 |
Lymphocyte counts <1500 cells/µL | 1.84 (1.34–2.53) | <0.001 |
Platelets (×100) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 0.31 |
Age >65 years | 3.06 (2.05–4.57) | <0.001 |
Thrombolytic therapy | 0.73 (0.45–1.20) | 0.22 |
Interaction gender * Diabetes mellitus | 0.04 |
Women | Men | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Diabetes mellitus | 2.31 (1.45––3.65) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.59–2.04) | 0.77 |
Arterial hypertension history | 0.64 (0.39–1.04) | 0.07 | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 0.29 |
Central/bilateral PE | 0.72 (0.47–1.12) | 0.15 | 0.74 (0.39–1.38) | 0.33 |
C–reactive protein (per 10 mg/L) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.22 | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.81 |
BNP (per 100 pg/mL) | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.02 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | <0.001 |
Anemia | 1.11 (0.73–1.67) | 0.64 | 1.39 (0.82–2.35) | 0.22 |
Creatinine >1.5 mg/dL | 1.89 (1.20–2.99) | 0.006 | 1.42 (0.76–2.66) | 0.27 |
Lymphocyte counts <1500 cell/µL | 1.87 (1.24–2.83) | 0.003 | 1.62 (0.95–2.76) | 0.08 |
Platelets ×100 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.41 | 0.85 (0.59–1.21)) | 0.36 |
Age >65 years | 4.87 (2.57–9.26) | <0.001 | 2.20 (1.29–3.78) | 0.004 |
Thrombolytic therapy | 0.75 (0.41–1.37) | 0.35 | 0.75 (0.30–1.88) | 0.55 |
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Oliveira, D.; Brito, T.; Elias, C.; Carreira, M.; Serino, M.; Guerreiro, I.; Magalhães, H.; Coelho, S.; Ferreira, S.; Araújo, E.; et al. The Influence of Gender in The Prognostic Impact of Diabetes mellitus in acute Pulmonary Embolism. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3511. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113511
Oliveira D, Brito T, Elias C, Carreira M, Serino M, Guerreiro I, Magalhães H, Coelho S, Ferreira S, Araújo E, et al. The Influence of Gender in The Prognostic Impact of Diabetes mellitus in acute Pulmonary Embolism. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(11):3511. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113511
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira, Diana, Teresa Brito, Catarina Elias, Marta Carreira, Mariana Serino, Inês Guerreiro, Helena Magalhães, Sara Coelho, Sara Ferreira, Emanuel Araújo, and et al. 2020. "The Influence of Gender in The Prognostic Impact of Diabetes mellitus in acute Pulmonary Embolism" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11: 3511. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113511