Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Lung Cancer: A Case–Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patient Selection
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Study Design
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. ILD Frequency and Characteristics
3.2. LC–ILD and LC–noILD Patients’ Comparisons
3.3. Case-Control Study
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | LC–ILD (n = 49) | LC–noILD (n = 857) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Males, n (%) | 41 (83.7) | 567 (66.2) | 0.017 |
Mean age at diagnosis, years, ± SD | 66.4 ± 8.8 | 64.7 ± 11.3 | 1 |
Smoking history | |||
Non-smoker/ever-smoker, % | 8.2/91.8 | 12.7/87.3 | 0.47 |
Current smoker/ex-smoker, % | 60/40 | 60.3/39.7 | 1 |
Mean pack-years, ± SD | 44.4 ± 22.0 | 45.4 ± 25.9 | 1 |
Performans status: 0–1/2–4/U, % | 47/25/29 | 59/20/22 | 0.19 |
Asbestos: NE/U/ARW/E, % | 59.2/18.4/6.1/16.3 | 59.4/17.0/10.7/12.8 | 0.70 |
Lung-cancer histology, n a | 51 | 866 | 0.08 |
Adenocarcinoma, % | 47.1 | 58.7 | |
Squamous carcinoma, % | 19.6 | 19.6 | |
Undifferentiated carcinoma, % | 13.7 | 4.5 | |
Small-cell carcinoma, % | 15.7 | 12.0 | |
Others b, % | 4.0 | 5.2 | |
Lung cancer stage, % | |||
I/II/III/IV NSCLCs | 20.9/11.6/20.9/46.5 | 14.4/8.1/22.0/55.4 | 0.35 |
LS/ES SCLCs | 50/50 | 30.8/69.2 | 0.50 |
Synchronous LC, n (%) | 2 (4.1) | 9 (1.1) | 0.1 |
Mutation analysis, n subjects c | 23 | 438 | 0.56 |
Unknown status, n (%) | 6 (26.1) | 63 (14.4) | |
Wild-type, n (%) | 10 (43.5) | 172 (39.3) | |
Mutation+, n (%) | 7 (30.4) | 199 (45.4) | |
EGFR/KRAS/ALK, n (%) | 1 (4.3)/4(17.4)/1 (4.3) | 59 (13.5)/101(23.1)/20 (4.6) | |
Rare mutations *, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 23 (5.3) |
Characteristic | LC–ILD Cases (n = 49) | LC–noILD Controls (n = 145) |
---|---|---|
Males, n (%) | 41 (83.7) | 121 (83.4) |
Mean age at diagnosis, years, ± SD | 66.4 ± 8.8 | 66.4 ± 11.5 |
Smoking | ||
Ever-smoker, % | 92 | 89 |
Mean pack-years, ± SD | 44 ± 22 | 49 ± 27 |
Mean body mass index, ± SD | 23.8 ± 4.3 | 24.5 ± 4.9 |
Mean performance status, ± SD | 1 ± 0.9 | 1 ± 1 |
Comorbidities | ||
Chronic obstructive lung disease | 10 (20.4%) | 21 (14.5%) |
Diabetes | 8 (16.3%) | 17 (11.7%) |
Cardiovascular | 26 (53.1%) | 63 (43.4%) |
Lung-cancer histology, n | 49 | 145 |
Adenocarcinoma, (%) | 23 (46.9%) | 69 (47.6%) |
Squamous carcinoma, (%) | 10 (20.4%) | 30 (20.7%) |
Undifferentiated carcinoma, (%) | 6 (12.2%) | 17 (11.7%) |
Small-cell carcinoma, (%) | 8 (16.3%) | 24 (16.6%) |
Others, (%) | 2 (4.1%) | 5 (3.4%) |
Lung cancer stage, % | ||
I/II/III/IV NSCLCs | 17/10/22/51 | 16/12/21/1 |
LS/ES SCLCs | 50/50 | 50/50 |
Univariate | Multivariate (n = 177) | Multivariate Descending Stepwise (n = 193) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | n | p | HR 95% CI | p | HR 95% CI | p |
Age | 194 | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.23 | ||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 32 | 0.31 | ||||
Male | 162 | |||||
Body mass index | 178 | 0.097 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.08 | ||
Smoker | ||||||
No | 20 | 0.05 | Reference | 0.01 | ||
Yes | 174 | 2.67 (1.22–5.81) | ||||
Chronic obstructive lung disease | ||||||
No | 163 | 0.4 | ||||
Yes | 31 | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
No | 169 | 0.09 | Reference | |||
Yes | 25 | 0.57 (0.32–1.02) | 0.06 | |||
Cardiovascular comorbidities | ||||||
No | 105 | 0.56 | ||||
Yes | 89 | |||||
Interstitial lung disease | ||||||
No | 145 | 0.059 | Reference | |||
Yes | 49 | 1.80 (1.21–2.67) | 0.004 | 1.81 (1.24–2.64) | 0.002 | |
Standard-of-care management | ||||||
No | 44 | 0.002 | Reference | |||
Yes | 149 | 0.61 (0.39–0.97) | 0.04 | 0.5 (0.34–0.73) | <0.001 |
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Gibiot, Q.; Monnet, I.; Levy, P.; Brun, A.-L.; Antoine, M.; Chouaïd, C.; Cadranel, J.; Naccache, J.-M. Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Lung Cancer: A Case–Control Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030700
Gibiot Q, Monnet I, Levy P, Brun A-L, Antoine M, Chouaïd C, Cadranel J, Naccache J-M. Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Lung Cancer: A Case–Control Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(3):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030700
Chicago/Turabian StyleGibiot, Quentin, Isabelle Monnet, Pierre Levy, Anne-Laure Brun, Martine Antoine, Christos Chouaïd, Jacques Cadranel, and Jean-Marc Naccache. 2020. "Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Lung Cancer: A Case–Control Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030700