Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Depressive Symptoms
2.2.2. Meaningful Activities
2.2.3. Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.3.1. Association between Depressive Symptoms and Meaningful Activity Categories by Gender
2.3.2. Association between Depressive Symptoms, Satisfaction, and Performance
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. Association between Depressive Symptoms and Meaningful Activity Categories
3.3. Association between Depressive Symptoms, Satisfaction, and Performance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Participants (n = 806) | Non-Depressive Group (n = 679) | Depressive Group (n = 127) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD (years) | 74.9 ± 6.3 | 74.7 ± 6.2 | 76.2 ± 6.5 | 0.010 a |
Female, n (%) | 508(63.0) | 428 (63.0) | 80 (63.0) | 0.993 b |
Satisfaction with Activity, Median (IQR) | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 5.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | <0.001 c |
Performance of Activity, Median (IQR) | 10.0 (8.0–10.0) | 10.0 (8.0–10.0) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 0.005 c |
Poor cognitive Status, n (%) | 168 (20.8) | 137 (20.2) | 31 (24.4) | 0.281 b |
Poor Physical Status, n (%) | 249 (30.9) | 192 (28.3) | 57 (44.9) | <0.001 b |
Education, Mean ± SD (years) | 11.2 ± 2.3 | 11.2 ± 2.3 | 10.8 ± 2.2 | 0.084 a |
BMI, Mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.4 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 23.0 ± 3.6 | 0.286 a |
Medications, Mean ± SD (Number) | 4.2 ± 4.6 | 4.0 ± 4.2 | 5.3 ± 6.2 | 0.022 a |
Social Engagement, Median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.0 (0–3.0) | <0.001 c |
Living Alone, n (%) | 211 (26.2) | 170 (25.0) | 41 (32.3) | 0.088 b |
Crude Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Satisfaction with Activity | 0.60 | 0.49–0.73 | <0.001 | 0.61 | 0.49–0.75 | <0.001 | 0.62 | 0.49–0.79 | <0.001 | |||
Performance of Activity | 0.86 | 0.78–0.93 | 0.001 | 0.89 | 0.81–0.98 | 0.019 | 0.97 | 0.88–1.08 | 0.598 | |||
Age | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.954 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.03 | 0.795 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.941 | |||
Gender | 0.85 | 0.55–1.31 | 0.457 | 0.85 | 0.55–1.30 | 0.446 | 0.85 | 0.55–1.32 | 0.464 | |||
Body Mass Index | 0.98 | 0.92–1.04 | 0.412 | 0.97 | 0.91–1.03 | 0.294 | 0.97 | 0.92–1.04 | 0.400 | |||
Living Alone | 1.11 | 0.69–1.78 | 0.673 | 1.22 | 0.76–1.94 | 0.411 | 1.11 | 0.69–1.78 | 0.662 | |||
Education | 0.97 | 0.88–1.07 | 0.557 | 0.97 | 0.88–1.06 | 0.488 | 0.97 | 0.88–1.07 | 0.530 | |||
Medications | 1.02 | 0.98–1.06 | 0.332 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.07 | 0.200 | 1.02 | 0.98–1.06 | 0.334 | |||
Poor Cognitive Status | 1.03 | 0.61–1.73 | 0.911 | 1.00 | 0.60–1.66 | 0.998 | 1.02 | 0.61–1.72 | 0.938 | |||
Poor Physical Status | 1.26 | 0.78–2.04 | 0.348 | 1.21 | 0.75–1.95 | 0.442 | 1.24 | 0.77–2.02 | 0.377 | |||
Social Engagement | 0.62 | 0.53–0.73 | <0.001 | 0.62 | 0.53–0.72 | <0.001 | 0.64 | 0.54–0.73 | <0.001 |
Crude Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Men | |||||||||
Satisfaction with Activity | 0.59 | 0.43–0.80 | 0.001 | 0.61 | 0.44–0.85 | 0.004 | 0.52 | 0.35–0.77 | 0.001 |
Performance of Activity | 0.97 | 0.83–0.97 | 0.649 | 1.03 | 0.88–1.21 | 0.719 | 1.18 | 0.88–1.08 | 0.091 |
Women | |||||||||
Satisfaction with Activity | 0.60 | 0.47–0.78 | <0.001 | 0.59 | 0.44–0.78 | <0.001 | 0.67 | 0.49–0.91 | 0.009 |
Performance of Activity | 0.80 | 0.71–0.89 | <0.001 | 0.82 | 0.73–0.92 | 0.001 | 0.87 | 0.77–0.99 | 0.041 |
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Maruta, M.; Makizako, H.; Ikeda, Y.; Miyata, H.; Nakamura, A.; Han, G.; Shimokihara, S.; Tokuda, K.; Kubozono, T.; Ohishi, M.; et al. Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030795
Maruta M, Makizako H, Ikeda Y, Miyata H, Nakamura A, Han G, Shimokihara S, Tokuda K, Kubozono T, Ohishi M, et al. Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(3):795. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030795
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaruta, Michio, Hyuma Makizako, Yuriko Ikeda, Hironori Miyata, Atsushi Nakamura, Gwanghee Han, Suguru Shimokihara, Keiichiro Tokuda, Takuro Kubozono, Mitsuru Ohishi, and et al. 2020. "Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030795