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Article

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

by
Pia Lopez-Jornet
1,*,
Candela Castillo Felipe
2,
Luis Pardo-Marin
3,
Jose J. Ceron
3,
Eduardo Pons-Fuster
4 and
Asta Tvarijonaviciute
3
1
Department Stomatology School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, 30008 Adv Marques de los Velez s/n, Spain
2
Department Stomatology School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia; 30008 Murcia, Span
3
Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
4
Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Span
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(4), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040929
Submission received: 22 February 2020 / Revised: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 March 2020 / Published: 28 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Saliva and Oral Diseases)
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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate a panel of salivary analytes involving biomarkers of inflammation, stress, immune system and antioxidant status in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to study their relationship with clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with BMS and 31 controls were consecutively enrolled in the study, with the recording of oral habits, the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) score. Resting whole saliva was collected with the drainage technique, followed by the measurement of 11 biomarkers. Results: The salivary flow was higher in patients with BMS. Among all the biomarkers studied, significantly higher levels of alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP4) and lower levels of uric acid and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were observed in the saliva of patients with BMS as compared to the controls (p < 0.05 in all cases). Positive correlations were found between pain, oral quality of life and anxiety scores and salivary biomarkers. Conclusions: BMS is associated with changes in salivary biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and stress, being related to the degree of pain and anxiety.
Keywords: saliva; IgA; alpha-amylase; uric acid; stress; inflammation saliva; IgA; alpha-amylase; uric acid; stress; inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lopez-Jornet, P.; Castillo Felipe, C.; Pardo-Marin, L.; Ceron, J.J.; Pons-Fuster, E.; Tvarijonaviciute, A. Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040929

AMA Style

Lopez-Jornet P, Castillo Felipe C, Pardo-Marin L, Ceron JJ, Pons-Fuster E, Tvarijonaviciute A. Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(4):929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040929

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lopez-Jornet, Pia, Candela Castillo Felipe, Luis Pardo-Marin, Jose J. Ceron, Eduardo Pons-Fuster, and Asta Tvarijonaviciute. 2020. "Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4: 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040929

APA Style

Lopez-Jornet, P., Castillo Felipe, C., Pardo-Marin, L., Ceron, J. J., Pons-Fuster, E., & Tvarijonaviciute, A. (2020). Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040929

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