Differential Th Cell-Related Immune Responses in Young Physically Active Men after an Endurance Effort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Progressive Test Protocol
2.3. Methods
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. The Role of Th1 and Th2 in Post-Effort Response
4.2. The Role of Th17 and Treg in the Post-Effort Response
4.3. The Role of IL-8 in Post-Effort Response
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cytokine | Theoretical Limit of Detection (pg/mL) |
---|---|
IL-2 | 2.6 |
IL-4 | 4.9 |
IL-6 | 2.4 |
IL-8 | 3.6 |
IL-10 | 3.3 |
IL-12p70 | 1.9 |
IL-17A | 18.9 |
TNF-α | 3.7 |
IFN-γ | 3.7 |
Variable | 16 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 17 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 18 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 19 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 20 Years Old Group (n = 16) | pKW 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Height (cm) | 180 (178–182) | 180 (173–184) | 181 (177–184) | 178 (172–181) | 184 (160–188) | 0.820 |
Weight (kg) | 71.0 (64.7–75.5) | 69.6 (64.2–76.1) | 69.8 (67.0–70.0) | 69.2 (63.3–72.3) | 75.4 (56.4–81.5) | 0.839 |
FAT (%) | 9.9 (7.3–12.2) | 7.7 (5.5–11.0) | 10.6 (5.3–10.6) | 8.2 (7.3–9.8) | 9.9 (7.3–12.1) | 0.226 |
FAT MASS (kg) | 7.2 (4.8–8.9) | 5.7 (3.6–8.0) | 7.4 (3.7–7.7) | 6.0 (4.8–6.8) | 7.9 (4.1–9.8) | 0.338 |
FFM (kg) | 63.4 (60.3–67.1) | 64.7 (59.8–68.0) | 62.4 (59.8–66.3) | 63.2 (58.6–65.7) | 67.5 (52.3–71.6) | 0.835 |
TBW (kg) | 46.4 (44.1–49.1) | 47.4 (43.8–49.8) | 45.7 (43.8–48.5) | 46.3 (42.9–48.1) | 49.4 (38.3–52.4) | 0.831 |
Variable | 16 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 17 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 18 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 19 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 20 Years Old Group (n = 16) | pKW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 61.0 (58.7–64.7) | 60.4 (58.–61.59) | 61.9 (57.8–64.6) | 60.7 (56.9–63.2) | 60.2 (57.9–61.1) | 0.721 |
HRmax (beats/min) | 198 (188–201) | 197 (191–203) | 192 (189–201) | 192 (188–200) | 196 (186–200) | 0.762 |
AT (beats/min) | 160 (154–169) | 164 (161–170) | 166 (159–174) | 160 (154–168) | 162 (153–169) | 0.522 |
RQ | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 1.07 (1.05–1.08) | 1.04 (0.95–1.06) | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | 0.050 |
RC | 172 (165–177) | 175 (172–187) | 175 (169–186) | 175 (169–183) | 172 (168–180) | 0.735 |
VE (L/min) | 146.7 (129.5–156.4) | 155.7 (139.2–175.1) | 150.9 (141.0–165.1) | 149.1 (139.8–155.6) | 152.9 (134.7–162.6) | 0.565 |
MVV (L/min) | 190.4 (182.4–197.7) | 189.5 (182.9–202.7) | 188.2 (178.6–194.6) | 187.2 (177.7–195.5) | 192.0 (183.2–204.3) | 0.824 |
MET (mL/kg/min) | 17.3 (16.6–18.4) | 17.8 (17.1–18.8) | 17.7 (17.1–18.9) | 17.2 (16.7–18.6) | 17.3 (16.7–17.9) | 0.433 |
Rf | 58.2 (56.8–65.7) | 66.4 (57.6–68.0) | 60.7 (53.4–68.5) | 59.1 (56.1–65.0) | 56.4 (54.3–60.6) | 0.320 |
Variable | Time Point | 16 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 17 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 18 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 19 Years Old Group (n = 16) | 20 Years Old Group (n = 16) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WBC (109/L) | pF 1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
pre-test | 5.8 aa (5.2–6.6) | 5.2 aaa (4.5–5.8) | 5.2 aa (4.6–6.3) | 5.4 aaa (4.8–5.7) | 5.3 aaa (4.7–6.3) | |
post-test | 8.7 bbb (7.4–10.3) | 8.4 bbb (7.0–9.6) | 8.6 bbb (7.0–9.9) | 8.7 bbb (7.2–11.4) | 10.9 bbb (8.9–12.3) | |
recovery | 5.7 (5.2–6.0) | 5.7 (4.6–6.3) | 5.0 (4.4–6.0) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | 5.6 (4.6–6.6) | |
LYM (109/L) | pF | 0.005 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
pre-test | 2.4 (2.1–3.0) | 2.0 aaa (1.7–2.2) | 1.9 (1.8–2.2) | 2.2 aaa (2.0–2.2) | 2.1 aaa (1.7–2.2) | |
post-test | 3.8 bb (2.7–4.4) | 4.0 bbb (2.8–4.9) | 3.7 bbb (2.6–4.5) | 4.0 bbb (2.8–4.5) | 4.2 bbb (3.9–4.7) | |
recovery | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 1.8 (1.6–2.2) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 2.1 (1.9–2.4) | 1.9 (1.6–2.5) |
Variables Correlated | Pre-Test | Post-Test | Recovery | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | p | R | p | R | p | |
Th1 cells (%) & age | 0.11 | 0.347 | 0.10 | 0.362 | 0.06 | 0.570 |
Th2 cells (%) & age | −0.17 | 0.143 | −0.28 | 0.012 | −0.08 | 0.502 |
Th17 cells (%) & age | 0.04 | 0.753 | 0.11 | 0.312 | −0.05 | 0.668 |
Treg cells (%) & age | −0.01 | 0.933 | −0.24 | 0.030 | 0.04 | 0.711 |
IL-2 (pg/mL) & age | −0.20 | 0.081 | 0.18 | 0.101 | −0.23 | 0.041 |
IL-4 (pg/mL) & age | 0.04 | 0.758 | −0.07 | 0.519 | −0.09 | 0.426 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) & age | −0.04 | 0.751 | −0.23 | 0.036 | −0.24 | 0.035 |
IL-8 (pg/mL) & age | −0.08 | 0.489 | −0.15 | 0.188 | −0.32 | 0.003 |
IL-10 (pg/mL) & age | 0.17 | 0.141 | 0.28 | 0.011 | 0.42 | <0.001 |
IL-12p70 (pg/mL) & age | −0.36 | 0.001 | −0.10 | 0.360 | 0.23 | 0.040 |
IL-17A (pg/mL) & age | 0.00 | 1.000 | 0.29 | 0.010 | −0.28 | 0.012 |
TNF (pg/mL) & age | −0.02 | 0.871 | −0.38 | 0.001 | 0.30 | 0.007 |
IFN (pg/mL) & age | 0.02 | 0.889 | 0.16 | 0.155 | 0.02 | 0.848 |
WBC (109/L) & age | −0.07 | 0.512 | 0.22 | 0.052 | −0.03 | 0.759 |
LYM (109/L) & age | −0.23 | 0.037 | 0.13 | 0.259 | −0.05 | 0.675 |
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Kostrzewa-Nowak, D.; Nowak, R. Differential Th Cell-Related Immune Responses in Young Physically Active Men after an Endurance Effort. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061795
Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Nowak R. Differential Th Cell-Related Immune Responses in Young Physically Active Men after an Endurance Effort. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(6):1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061795
Chicago/Turabian StyleKostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota, and Robert Nowak. 2020. "Differential Th Cell-Related Immune Responses in Young Physically Active Men after an Endurance Effort" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6: 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061795