Intensive Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) Is Effective for Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.2.1. Inclusion Criteria
2.2.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Randomization and Allocation Concealment
2.4. Blinding
2.5. Sample Size
2.6. Interventions
2.6.1. Control Group: Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment
2.6.2. Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment Group: Integrative Korean Medicine and Trapezius Motion Style Acupuncture treatments
2.7. Outcomes
2.7.1. Primary Outcome
2.7.2. Secondary Outcomes
- Visual Analog Scale
- Neck Disability Index
- Cervical Range of Motion
- Quality of Life
- Patient Global Impression of Change
- Adverse Events
2.8. Statistical Analysis
2.9. Data Availability
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Baseline Characteristics
3.3. Outcome Comparison between the Two Groups
3.4. Outcome Changes in Each Group
3.5. Survival Analysis of Neck Pain NRS Score Reduction
3.6. Adverse Events
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MSAT Group (n = 48) | Control Group (n = 49) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | Female | 23 (52.1) | 19 (61.2) |
Male | 25 (47.9) | 30 (38.8) | |
Age (years) | 41.35 ± 12.62 | 42.63 ± 12.96 | |
Length of stay (days) | 8.73 ± 3.84 | 8.41 ± 3.91 | |
Height (cm) | 167.9 ± 8.97 | 167.92 ± 9.6 | |
Bodyweight (kg) | 68.73 ± 13.73 | 66.49 ± 12.12 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.21 ± 3.34 | 23.44 ± 2.97 | |
Alcohol use, n (%) | No | 21 (43.7) | 25 (51) |
Yes | 27 (56.3) | 24 (49) | |
Smoking, n (%) | No | 29 (60.4) | 30 (61.2) |
Yes | 19 (39.6) | 19 (38.8) | |
NRS score for neck pain | 5.67 ± 1.17 | 5.44 ± 1.31 |
Baseline | Day2 | Day5 | Discharge 1 | 90 Days f/u | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRS score for neck pain | |||||
MSAT | 5.67 (5.33, 6.01) | 4.80 (4.39, 5.21) | 3.55 (3.04, 4.06) | 3.30 (2.78, 3.83) | 1.41 (0.80, 2.01) |
Control | 5.44 (5.06, 5.82) | 5.36 (4.98, 5.73) | 4.59 (4.10, 5.07) | 3.60 (2.95, 4.25) | 1.05 (0.43, 1.67) |
Difference 2 | — | −0.76 (−1.15, −0.38) | −1.07 (−1.76, −0.37) | −0.34 (−1.19, 0.51) | 0.23 (−0.67, 1.14) |
p-value 3 | — | 0.0002 | 0.003 | 0.427 | 0.611 |
NRS score for arm pain | |||||
MSAT | 2.82 (2.04, 3.60) | 2.51 (1.87, 3.15) | 2.13 (1.55, 2.71) | 1.39 (0.70, 2.09) | 0.66 (0.05, 1.27) |
Control | 3.61 (2.91, 4.31) | 3.40 (2.72, 4.08) | 2.70 (2.03, 3.38) | 2.49 (1.76, 3.23) | 0.30 (−0.26, 0.86) |
Difference 2 | — | −0.23 (−0.60, 0.14) | 0.01 (−0.66, 0.69) | −0.66 (−1.55, 0.22) | 0.53 (−0.23, 1.28) |
p-value 3 | — | 0.2247 | 0.971 | 0.142 | 0.174 |
VAS score for neck pain | |||||
MSAT | 5.74 (5.37, 6.12) | 4.79 (4.31, 5.26) | 3.64 (3.12, 4.17) | 3.35 (2.78, 3.93) | — |
Control | 5.53 (5.13, 5.93) | 5.31 (4.92, 5.71) | 4.58 (4.09, 5.07) | 3.56 (2.78, 4.33) | — |
Difference 2 | — | −0.66 (−1.13, −0.20) | −0.96 (−1.65, −0.26) | −0.34 (−1.19, 0.51) | — |
p-value 3 | — | 0.0054 | 0.007 | 0.427 | — |
VAS score for arm pain | |||||
MSAT | 2.80 (2.02, 3.58) | 2.49 (1.83, 3.16) | 2.15 (1.55, 2.75) | 1.46 (0.79, 2.13) | — |
Control | 3.62 (2.91, 4.34) | 3.45 (2.76, 4.14) | 2.84 (2.17, 3.50) | 2.31 (1.54, 3.07) | — |
Difference 2 | — | −0.24 (−0.64, 0.17) | −0.05 (−0.71, 0.62) | −0.42 (−1.32, 0.48) | — |
p-value 3 | — | 0.2501 | 0.890 | 0.359 | — |
NDI | |||||
MSAT | 40.94 (36.91, 44.97) | — | 30.18 (25.87, 34.49) | 27.89 (23.10, 32.68) | 7.76 (3.90, 11.61) |
Control | 41.57 (37.94, 45.19) | — | 32.61 (27.88, 37.33) | 29.01 (23.83, 34.19) | 4.26 (0.14, 8.37) |
Difference 2 | — | — | −2.21 (−8.22, 3.80) | −1.47 (−8.57, 5.62) | 3.40 (−2.02, 8.83) |
p-value 3 | — | — | 0.470 | 0.684 | 0.218 |
ROM for flexion | |||||
MSAT | 27.08 (24.26, 29.91) | 36.67 (34.12, 39.21) | 39.70 (37.14, 42.27) | 41.22 (38.76, 43.68) | — |
Control | 28.16 (25.63, 30.70) | 29.08 (26.37, 31.80) | 34.34 (31.43, 37.26) | 37.75 (35.28, 40.21) | — |
Difference 2 | — | 8.50 (5.89, 11.11) | 5.87 (2.09, 9.66) | 3.66 (−0.01, 7.33) | — |
p-value 3 | — | <0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.050 | — |
ROM for extension | |||||
MSAT | 22.81 (19.24, 26.38) | 31.25 (28.14, 34.36) | 38.16 (34.92, 41.41) | 40.81 (38.30, 43.32) | — |
Control | 23.57 (20.52, 26.62) | 26.94 (23.92, 29.95) | 30.68 (27.00, 34.37) | 35.22 (31.89, 38.55) | — |
Difference 2 | — | 4.64 (1.40, 7.89) | 7.42 (2.42, 12.42) | 5.40 (1.11, 9.69) | — |
p-value 3 | — | 0.0055 | 0.004 | 0.014 | — |
ROM for right rotation | |||||
MSAT | 40.21 (36.12, 44.29) | 55.63 (51.28, 59.97) | 66.69 (61.86, 71.51) | 70.57 (65.56, 75.59) | — |
Control | 42.45 (38.76, 46.14) | 44.69 (40.82, 48.57) | 51.28 (46.00, 56.56) | 57.55 (51.27, 63.83) | — |
Difference 2 | — | 12.42 (8.33, 16.52) | 16.14 (8.71, 23.57) | 13.29 (4.60, 21.98) | — |
p-value 3 | — | <0.0001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | — |
ROM for left rotation | |||||
MSAT | 41.25 (37.73, 44.77) | 55.94 (51.86, 60.02) | 67.62 (63.03, 72.21) | 71.41 (66.34, 76.48) | — |
Control | 43.16 (39.34, 46.98) | 45.10 (41.40, 48.80) | 52.58 (47.99, 57.16) | 59.87 (54.49, 65.25) | — |
Difference 2 | — | 12.13 (8.38, 15.87) | 15.94 (9.21, 22.68) | 11.80 (4.13, 19.47) | — |
p-value 3 | — | <0.0001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | — |
ROM for right lateral flexion | |||||
MSAT | 20.63 (18.14, 23.11) | 27.60 (25.27, 29.94) | 36.20 (33.14, 39.27) | 36.76 (33.27, 40.25) | — |
Control | 22.45 (20.14, 24.76) | 22.86 (20.57, 25.15) | 28.74 (25.81, 31.67) | 33.54 (30.55, 36.54) | — |
Difference 2 | — | 5.80 (3.50, 8.11) | 7.49 (3.15, 11.82) | 3.03 (−1.85, 7.92) | — |
p-value 3 | — | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.222 | — |
ROM for left lateral flexion | |||||
MSAT | 21.77 (19.24, 24.30) | 28.54 (26.24, 30.84) | 36.36 (33.25, 39.46) | 37.59 (34.44, 40.75) | — |
Control | 22.04 (19.81, 24.27) | 23.27 (21.12, 25.41) | 28.37 (25.35, 31.39) | 33.67 (30.47, 36.87) | — |
Difference 2 | — | 5.16 (3.02, 7.30) | 7.90 (3.52, 12.28) | 3.63 (−1.08, 8.34) | — |
p-value 3 | — | <0.0001 | 0.000 | 0.130 | — |
EQ5D | |||||
MSAT | 0.67 (0.63, 0.72) | — | 0.73 (0.69, 0.77) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.78) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) |
Control | 0.67 (0.63, 0.72) | — | 0.73 (0.69, 0.77) | 0.74 (0.70, 0.78) | 0.88 (0.84, 0.92) |
Difference 2 | — | — | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.05) |
p-value 3 | — | — | 0.991 | 0.872 | 0.846 |
PGIC | |||||
MSAT | — | — | 2.72 (2.44, 3.00) | 2.38 (2.11, 2.65) | 1.49 (1.21, 1.77) |
Control | — | — | 3.23 (2.96, 3.50) | 2.65 (2.34, 2.97) | 1.14 (0.82, 1.47) |
Difference 2 | — | — | −0.48 (−0.87, −0.10) | −0.24 (−0.67, 0.20) | 0.36 (−0.07, 0.79) |
p-value 3 | — | — | 0.014 | 0.284 | 0.097 |
Day 2 | Day 5 | Discharge | 90 Days f/u | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NRS score for neck pain | ||||
MSAT 1 | 0.86 (0.64, 1.09) | 2.18 (1.76, 2.60) | 2.34 (1.89, 2.79) | 4.15 (3.73, 4.57) |
Control 1 | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.31) | 1.40 (0.98, 1.82) | 1.86 (1.41, 2.31) | 4.02 (3.59, 4.45) |
Group*days 2 | −0.56 (−1.01, −0.10) | −1.05 (−1.57, −0.53) | −0.25 (−0.86, 0.35) | 0.10 (−0.42, 0.61) |
p-value | 0.047 * | 0.001 * | 0.4896 | 0.755 |
NRS score for arm pain | ||||
MSAT 1 | 0.31 (0.07, 0.55) | 0.82 (0.28, 1.36) | 1.36 (0.83, 1.90) | 1.91 (1.33, 2.49) |
Control 1 | 0.21 (−0.02, 0.45) | 0.52 (−0.03, 1.07) | 1.10 (0.57, 1.63) | 2.78 (2.18, 3.37) |
Group*days 2 | −0.89 (−1.66, −0.12) | −0.81 (−1.49, −0.12) | −1.05 (−1.74, −0.36) | 0.07 (−0.49, 0.63) |
p-value | 0.059 | 0.054 | 0.0134 * | 0.825 |
VAS score for neck pain | ||||
MSAT 1 | 0.96 (0.68, 1.23) | 2.03 (1.65, 2.41) | 2.32 (1.82, 2.82) | — |
Control 1 | 0.21 (−0.06, 0.49) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.25) | 1.93 (1.43, 2.43) | — |
Group*days 2 | −0.53 (−1.04, −0.02) | −0.94 (−1.49, −0.39) | −0.17 (−0.86, 0.51) | — |
p-value | 0.088 | 0.005 * | 0.676 | — |
VAS score for arm pain | ||||
MSAT 1 | 0.30 (0.05, 0.56) | 0.65 (0.26, 1.05) | 1.33 (0.81, 1.86) | — |
Control 1 | 0.18 (−0.08, 0.43) | 0.62 (0.23, 1.01) | 1.22 (0.70, 1.75) | — |
Group*days 2 | −0.96 (−1.74, −0.17) | −0.86 (−1.56, −0.15) | −0.94 (−1.64, −0.24) | — |
p-value | 0.047 * | 0.046 * | 0.029 * | — |
NDI | ||||
MSAT 1 | — | 5.16 (3.73, 6.59) | 6.17 (4.29, 8.04) | 16.16 (14.24, 18.07) |
Control 1 | — | 3.66 (2.24, 5.08) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) |
Group*days 2 | — | −1.72 (−3.92, 0.48) | −0.17 (−2.49, 2.14) | 1.11 (−0.60, 2.82) |
p-value | — | 0.197 | 0.901 | 0.284 |
ROM of flexion | ||||
MSAT 1 | −9.58 (−11.21, −7.96) | −12.63 (−14.95, −10.31) | −14.35 (−16.74, −11.96) | — |
Control 1 | −0.92 (−2.53, 0.69) | −6.00 (−8.29, −3.70) | −9.37 (−11.74, −7.00) | — |
Group*days 2 | 7.59 (4.51, 10.66) | 5.55 (2.80, 8.31) | 3.90 (1.39, 6.41) | — |
p-value | 0.000 * | 0.001 * | 0.011 * | — |
ROM of extension | ||||
MSAT1 | −8.44 (−10.56, −6.32) | −14.77 (−17.84, −11.69) | −18.14 (−21.29, −14.98) | — |
Control 1 | −3.37 (−5.47, −1.27) | −7.41 (−10.44, −4.37) | −11.45 (−14.58, −8.32) | — |
Group*days 2 | 4.31 (0.74, 7.89) | 6.60 (2.97, 10.23) | 5.93 (2.60, 9.26) | — |
p-value | 0.048 * | 0.003 * | 0.004 * | — |
ROM for right rotation | ||||
MSAT 1 | −15.42 (−17.94, −12.90) | −26.07 (−29.61, −22.53) | −29.93 (−34.14, −25.73) | — |
Control 1 | −2.24 (−4.74,0.25) | −7.85 (−11.36, −4.35) | −13.77 (−17.95, −9.58) | — |
Group*days 2 | 10.93 (6.13,15.73) | 15.98 (10.91, 21.04) | 13.93 (8.28, 19.57) | — |
p-value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | — |
ROM for left rotation | ||||
MSAT 1 | −14.69 (−16.92, −12.45) | −26.08 (−29.45, −22.70) | −30.16 (−34.10, −26.23) | — |
Control 1 | −1.94 (−4.15, 0.27) | −8.91 (−12.25, −5.56) | −15.97 (−19.89, −12.06) | — |
Group*days 2 | 10.84 (6.29, 15.38) | 15.26 (10.60, 19.91) | 12.28 (7.13, 17.42) | — |
p-value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | — |
ROM for right lateral flexion | ||||
MSAT 1 | −6.98 (−8.44, −5.52) | −15.48 (−18.01, −12.96) | −16.06 (−18.65, −13.47) | — |
Control 1 | −0.41 (−1.85, 1.04) | −6.38 (−8.87, −3.89) | −11.03 (−13.58, −8.47) | — |
Group*days 2 | 4.75 (2.04, 7.45) | 7.28 (4.30, 10.26) | 3.21 (−0.01, 6.43) | — |
p-value | 0.004 * | <0.001 * | 0.101 | — |
ROM for left lateral flexion | ||||
MSAT 1 | −6.77 (−8.18, −5.36) | −14.20 (−16.72, −11.69) | −15.71 (−18.28, −13.14) | — |
Control 1 | −1.22 (−2.62, 0.17) | −6.36 (−8.84, −3.88) | −11.78 (−14.32, −9.25) | — |
Group*days 2 | 5.28 (2.68, 7.87) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) | 3.66 (0.44, 6.88) | — |
p-value | 0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.062 | — |
EQ-5D | ||||
MSAT 1 | — | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02) | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.04) | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.16) |
Control 1 | — | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) |
Group *days 2 | — | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) |
p-value | — | 0.841 | 0.925 | 0.553 |
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Kim, D.; Park, K.-S.; Lee, J.-H.; Ryu, W.-H.; Moon, H.; Park, J.; Jeon, Y.-H.; Seo, J.-Y.; Moon, Y.-J.; Namgoong, J.; et al. Intensive Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) Is Effective for Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072079
Kim D, Park K-S, Lee J-H, Ryu W-H, Moon H, Park J, Jeon Y-H, Seo J-Y, Moon Y-J, Namgoong J, et al. Intensive Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) Is Effective for Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(7):2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072079
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Doori, Kyoung-Sun Park, Jin-Ho Lee, Won-Hyung Ryu, Heeyoung Moon, Jiwon Park, Yong-Hyun Jeon, Ji-Yeon Seo, Young-Joo Moon, Jin Namgoong, and et al. 2020. "Intensive Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) Is Effective for Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7: 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072079
APA StyleKim, D., Park, K. -S., Lee, J. -H., Ryu, W. -H., Moon, H., Park, J., Jeon, Y. -H., Seo, J. -Y., Moon, Y. -J., Namgoong, J., Shin, B. -C., & Ha, I. -H. (2020). Intensive Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) Is Effective for Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(7), 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072079