Insulin Resistance Predicts Severity of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Definitions
2.3. Evaluation of the Complexity and the Extent of the Coronary Atherosclerosis
2.4. Assessment of Insulin Resistance
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients’Characteristics
3.2. Insulin Resistance and its Relation with the Severity and the Extension of Coronary Atherosclerosis
3.3. Predictors of Severity and the Extension of Coronary Atherosclerosis
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Insulin Resistance as a Risk Factor for CVD in Non-Diabetic Subjects
4.3. Insulin Resistance and Coronary Atherosclerosis
4.4. Clinical Implications
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categorical Variables | SS1 (N 31) | SS2 (N 29) | SS3 (N 35) | SS4 (N 31) | p Value (χ2 Test) |
Males, n(%) | 21 (68) | 18 (62) | 31 (89) | 24 (77) | 0.18 |
Smokers, n(%) | 8 (26) | 12 (41) | 17 (49) | 8 (26) | 0.11 |
Hypertension, n(%) | 24 (77) | 15 (52) | 25 (71) | 24 (77) | 0.22 |
Dyslipidemia, n(%) | 19 (61) | 20 (69) | 24 (69) | 26 (84) | 0.24 |
SCAD, n(%) | 20 (65) | 11 (38) | 21 (60) | 23 (74) | 0.07 |
SCA, n(%) | 17 (55) | 20 (69) | 18 (51) | 12 (39) | 0.06 |
Continuous Variables | SS1(N 31) | SS2 (N 29) | SS3 (N 35) | SS4 (N 31) | p Value (ANOVA Test) |
Age, yrs | 67 ± 9 | 65 ± 13 | 64 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | 0.06 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 6 | 26.8 ± 4 | 28.5 ± 4 | 26.8 ± 3 | 0.31 |
FPG, mg/dL | 99 ± 22 | 97 ± 13 | 105 ± 24 | 101 ± 16 | 0.33 |
SBP, mmHg | 131 ± 16 | 131 ± 19 | 127 ± 16 | 134 ± 16 | 0.44 |
DBP, mmHg | 72 ± 8 | 74 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 75 ± 11 | 0.46 |
EF, % | 54 ± 10 | 51 ± 9 | 53 ± 9 | 54 ± 8 | 0.49 |
eGFR EPI-CKD mL/min | 79 ± 22 | 81 ± 24 | 80 ± 21 | 71 ± 21 | 0.33 |
SS4 | Three-Vessel Disease | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | ||
Males | 0.46 | 0.08 | 2.49 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.09 | 2.06 | 0.29 |
Age | 1.12 | 1.03 | 1.22 | 0.01 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 0.15 |
HOMA-IR | 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.34 | < 0.01 | 1.22 | 1.09 | 1.36 | < 0.01 |
Hypertension | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.67 | 0.12 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 2.79 | 0.33 |
Smoke | 2.06 | 0.35 | 12.19 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 2.06 | 0.28 |
Dyslipidemia | 1.09 | 0.14 | 8.19 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 5.67 | 0.89 |
BMI | 0.78 | 0.59 | 1.02 | 0.07 | 0.83 | 0.66 | 1.05 | 0.12 |
Ca2+Antagonists | 1.77 | 0.28 | 11.05 | 0.54 | 1.71 | 0.31 | 9.46 | 0.54 |
BB | 1.27 | 0.19 | 8.21 | 0.8 | 1.88 | 0.29 | 11.90 | 0.50 |
Statins | 0.21 | 0.01 | 5.07 | 0.34 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 5.52 | 0.49 |
ACEI-ARBs | 3.36 | 0.35 | 31.9 | 0.29 | 3.86 | 0.50 | 29.7 | 0.19 |
LDL | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.41 | 1 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.74 |
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Strisciuglio, T.; Izzo, R.; Barbato, E.; Di Gioia, G.; Colaiori, I.; Fiordelisi, A.; Morisco, C.; Bartunek, J.; Franco, D.; Ammirati, G.; et al. Insulin Resistance Predicts Severity of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072144
Strisciuglio T, Izzo R, Barbato E, Di Gioia G, Colaiori I, Fiordelisi A, Morisco C, Bartunek J, Franco D, Ammirati G, et al. Insulin Resistance Predicts Severity of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(7):2144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072144
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrisciuglio, Teresa, Raffaele Izzo, Emanuele Barbato, Giuseppe Di Gioia, Iginio Colaiori, Antonella Fiordelisi, Carmine Morisco, Jozef Bartunek, Danilo Franco, Giuseppe Ammirati, and et al. 2020. "Insulin Resistance Predicts Severity of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7: 2144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072144
APA StyleStrisciuglio, T., Izzo, R., Barbato, E., Di Gioia, G., Colaiori, I., Fiordelisi, A., Morisco, C., Bartunek, J., Franco, D., Ammirati, G., Pergola, V., Imparato, L., Trimarco, B., Esposito, G., & Rapacciuolo, A. (2020). Insulin Resistance Predicts Severity of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(7), 2144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072144