Association between Left Atrial Deformation and Brain Involvement in Patients with Anderson-Fabry Disease at Diagnosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Echocardiography
2.3. Brain MRI Data Acquisition and Interpretation
- −
- deep white matter:
- (1)
- no WMLs;
- (2)
- punctate foci of hyperintensity;
- (3)
- beginning confluent WMLs;
- (4)
- large confluent WMLs;
- −
- periventricular white matter:
- (1)
- no WMLs;
- (2)
- periventricular caps;
- (3)
- smooth periventricular “halo”;
- (4)
- irregular periventricular WMLs extending into deep white matter.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Standard and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
3.2. Brain MRI
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | AFD (n = 22) | Controls (n = 22) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (M/F) | 14/8 | 14/8 | 1.00 |
Age (years) | 39.0 ± 14.6 | 39.1 ± 14.4 | 0.99 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 4.3 | 23.6 ± 2.5 | <0.05 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.7 ± 17.8 | 118.4 ± 8.8 | 0.14 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.7 ± 10.8 | 74.3 ± 6.9 | 0.37 |
HR (bpm) | 71.4 ± 9.8 | 73.2 ± 7.6 | 0.56 |
Characteristics | AFD (n = 22) | Controls (n = 22) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
LVMi(g/m2.7) | 37.0 ± 12.5 | 27.0 ± 4.6 | <0.002 |
RWT | 0.34 ± 0.6 | 0.29 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
LV EF (%) | 64.1 ± 3.8 | 62.6 ± 3.8 | 0.19 |
GLS (%) | 21.9 ± 1.9 | 23.3 ± 1.7 | <0.01 |
Transmitral E/A ratio | 1.4 ± 0.44 | 1.3 ± 0.32 | 0.21 |
E velocity DT (msec) | 202.5 ± 44.5 | 202.1 ± 37.1 | 0.96 |
E’ velocity (cm/sec) | 0.78 ± 0.21 | 0.80 ± 0.21 | 0.64 |
E/e’ ratio | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 0.22 |
PASP (mmHg) | 28.4 ± 6.2 | 26.2± 4.5 | 0.20 |
LAVi (ml/m2) | 29.3 ± 8.6 | 25.3 ± 5.3 | 0.07 |
PALS | 32.6 ± 6.9 | 42.2 ± 6.6 | <0.0001 |
PACS | 13.7 ± 3.7 | 16.3 ± 4.0 | 0.25 |
Variables | FS ≥ 1 (n = 13) | FS < 1 (n = 9) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43.3 ± 13.1 | 32.7 ± 10.3 | 0.09 |
LVMi (g/m2.7) | 40.5 ± 12.5 | 31.9 ± 4.6 | 0.12 |
LV EF (%) | 64.3 ± 03.5 | 63.6 ± 4.5 | 0.69 |
GLS (%) | 22.3 ± 2.1 | 21.1 ± 1.5 | 0.17 |
Transmitral E/A ratio | 1.5 ± 0.21 | 1.3 ± 0.54 | 0.14 |
E velocity DT (msec) | 187.3 ± 39.5 | 194.6 ± 55.5 | 0.70 |
E’ velocity (cmsec) | 0.70 ± 1.5 | 0.78 ± 0.8 | 0.09 |
E/e’ ratio | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.08 |
RWT | 0.36 ± 0.6 | 0.32 ± 0.5 | 0.23 |
LAVi (mL/m2) | 31.4 ± 10.0 | 26.2 ± 5.2 | 0.17 |
PALS | 29.4 ± 6.7 | 37.4 ± 3.9 | 0.0003 |
PACS | 13.9 ± 2.8 | 13.5 ± 4.2 | 0.80 |
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Esposito, R.; Russo, C.; Santoro, C.; Cocozza, S.; Riccio, E.; Sorrentino, R.; Pontillo, G.; Luciano, F.; Imbriaco, M.; Brunetti, A.; et al. Association between Left Atrial Deformation and Brain Involvement in Patients with Anderson-Fabry Disease at Diagnosis. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2741. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092741
Esposito R, Russo C, Santoro C, Cocozza S, Riccio E, Sorrentino R, Pontillo G, Luciano F, Imbriaco M, Brunetti A, et al. Association between Left Atrial Deformation and Brain Involvement in Patients with Anderson-Fabry Disease at Diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2741. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092741
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsposito, Roberta, Camilla Russo, Ciro Santoro, Sirio Cocozza, Eleonora Riccio, Regina Sorrentino, Giuseppe Pontillo, Federica Luciano, Massimo Imbriaco, Arturo Brunetti, and et al. 2020. "Association between Left Atrial Deformation and Brain Involvement in Patients with Anderson-Fabry Disease at Diagnosis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2741. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092741