Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction and Outcome Measures
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Location | N | Blinded Crossover |
---|---|---|---|
Bergfeld et al. 2016 | vALIC | 16 | Yes |
Coenen et al. 2019 | MFB | 16 | No |
Dougherty et al. 2015 | VC/VS | 29 | No |
Fenoy et al. 2018 | MFB | 6 | Yes |
Holtzheimer et al. 2012 | SCC | 10 | Yes |
Holtzheimer et al. 2017 | SCC | 85 | No |
Merkl et al. 2013 | SCC | 6 | Yes |
Merkl et al. 2018 | SCC | 4 | Yes * |
Puigdemont et al. 2015 | SCC | 5 | Yes |
Ramasubbu et al. 2013 | SCC | 4 | Yes |
Raymaekers et al. 2017 | IC/BST | 5 | Yes |
Raymaekers et al. 2017 | ITP | 5 | Yes |
Adverse Event | Patients (N) | Patients (%) |
---|---|---|
Headache | 50 | 26 |
Blurred Vision/Diplopia | 41 | 21 |
Worsening depression | 31 | 16 |
Sleep Disturbances | 30 | 16 |
Anxiety | 26 | 14 |
Pain Around Neurostimulator | 17 | 9 |
Nausea | 16 | 8 |
Suicidal Ideation | 16 | 8 |
Pain Around Incisions | 16 | 8 |
Post-operative discomfort | 16 | 8 |
Suicide Attempt | 15 | 8 |
Device Infection | 15 | 8 |
Balance/Gait Problems | 13 | 7 |
Non-Specific Somatic Complaints | 12 | 6 |
Pain/pulling sensation around Extension Wires | 11 | 6 |
Other infections | 10 | 5 |
Agitation | 9 | 5 |
Paresthesias | 9 | 5 |
Restlessness | 8 | 4 |
Disinhibition/Impulsivity | 8 | 4 |
Hypomania | 8 | 4 |
Confusion/Cognitive impairment | 8 | 4 |
Swollen Eyes | 6 | 3 |
Excessive Sweating | 6 | 3 |
Memory Disturbance | 6 | 3 |
Weight Gain/hyperphagia | 6 | 3 |
Lethargy | 6 | 3 |
Abnormal Body Temperature | 5 | 3 |
Hypertension | 5 | 3 |
Postoperative Delirium | 4 | 2 |
Constipation | 4 | 2 |
Speech difficulties | 4 | 2 |
Panic attack | 4 | 2 |
Diarrhea | 4 | 2 |
Irritability | 4 | 2 |
Libido decrease/increase | 4 | 2 |
Increase in drug side effects | 4 | 2 |
Skin Disorder | 4 | 2 |
Neuralgia | 4 | 2 |
Drowsiness | 4 | 2 |
Palpations Around Neurostimulator | 3 | 2 |
Neck Pain | 3 | 2 |
Mania | 3 | 2 |
Hallucinations | 3 | 2 |
Palpitations | 3 | 2 |
Weakness | 3 | 2 |
Mood swings | 3 | 2 |
Difficulty voiding/urinary retention | 3 | 2 |
Back pain | 3 | 2 |
Electrode revision | 3 | 2 |
Elective hospitalization | 3 | 2 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Hitti, F.L.; Yang, A.I.; Cristancho, M.A.; Baltuch, G.H. Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092796
Hitti FL, Yang AI, Cristancho MA, Baltuch GH. Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092796
Chicago/Turabian StyleHitti, Frederick L., Andrew I. Yang, Mario A. Cristancho, and Gordon H. Baltuch. 2020. "Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092796