Comparison of Efficiency-Enhanced Management and Conventional Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization in Cotton Fields of Northwestern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Measurement of Plant and Soil Parameters
2.3.1. Plant Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Content
2.3.2. Seed Cotton Yield
2.3.3. Soil Mineral Nitrogen Content
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation
3.2. Dry Matter and Yield
3.3. Irrigation Water-Use Efficiency (WUE), Residual Soil Nitrogen Mineralization (Nmin), and Nitrogen Balance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Cele | Shihezi |
---|---|---|
Soil texture | Fine Sand | Sandy Loam |
Bulk density (g cm−3) | 1.38 | 1.32 |
pH (1:5) | 8.10 | 7.94 |
Organic matter (O.M, g kg−1) | 3.07 | 10.81 |
Total nitrogen (N, g kg−1) | 0.36 | 0.78 |
Nmin (NO3− − N + NH4+ − N, mg kg−1) | 9.29 | 22.40 |
Available phosphorus (Olsen-P, mg kg−1) | 25.21 | 30.06 |
Available potassium (K, mg kg−1) | 153.10 | 188.57 |
Treatments | Basal | Topdressing | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | |||
Cele | |||||||||
ConI | 0 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 135 | 0 | 135 | 120 | 660 |
EEI | 0 | 71 | 55 | 68 | 68 | 58 | 52 | 55 | 427 (±31) |
Shihezi | |||||||||
ConI | 0 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 525 |
EEI | 0 | 65 | 52 | 64 | 67 | 50 | 62 | 39 | 399 (±26) |
Treatments | Basal | Topdressing | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | ||||
Cele | ||||||||||
ConI | NonN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ConN | 123 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 135 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 432 | |
EEN | 30 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 103 | 55 | 281 (±49) | |
EEI | NonN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ConN | 123 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 135 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 432 | |
EEN | 30 | 0 | 36 | 50 | 87 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 256 (±28) | |
Shihezi | ||||||||||
ConI | NonN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ConN | 0 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 34.5 | 345 | |
EEN | 0 | 0 | 26 | 35 | 56 | 43 | 40 | 17 | 217 (±45) | |
EEI | NonN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ConN | 0 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 34.5 | 345 | |
EEN | 0 | 0 | 33 | 29 | 38 | 34 | 35 | 22 | 191 (±32) |
Treatments | Shoots | Leaves | Burs | Seed Cotton | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cele | ||||||
ConI | NonN | 1.17 c | 0.78 c | 0.55 b | 2.44 b | 4.94 b |
ConN | 2.63 b | 1.88 b | 1.40 a | 4.88 a | 10.79 a | |
EEN | 2.43 b | 1.87 b | 1.56 a | 4.65 a | 10.51 a | |
EEI | NonN | 1.48 c | 1.04 c | 0.62 b | 2.40 b | 5.54 b |
ConN | 3.15 a | 2.60 a | 1.69 a | 4.85 a | 12.29 a | |
EEN | 2.94 a | 2.38 a | 1.60 a | 4.73 a | 11.65 a | |
Shihezi | ||||||
ConI | NonN | 2.09 b | 1.76 b | 1.97 b | 4.05 b | 8.23 b |
ConN | 2.73 a | 2.22 a | 2.63 a | 6.18 a | 13.01 a | |
EEN | 2.69 a | 2.04 a | 2.57 a | 6.04 a | 12.82 a | |
EEI | NonN | 1.98 b | 1.87 b | 1.93 b | 3.90 b | 8.06 b |
ConN | 2.70 a | 2.15 a | 2.48 a | 6.06 a | 12.03 a | |
EEN | 2.67 a | 2.13 a | 2.51 a | 5.91 a | 12.31 a |
Parameter | Cele | Shihezi | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ConM | EEM | ConM | EEM | |
N input | ||||
(1) N supply (kg ha−1) | ||||
(a) Nmin in 0–60 cm before sowing | 44 | 44 | 59 | 59 |
(b) N fertilizer applied | 432 | 256 | 345 | 191 |
(2) Apparent mineralization | 75 | 92 | 133 | 128 |
Total N supply (= 1 + 2) | 551 | 392 | 537 | 378 |
N output | ||||
(3) N uptake by cotton (kg ha−1) | 216 | 243 | 290 | 272 |
(4) N surplus | 335 | 149 | 247 | 106 |
(a) Nmin in 0–60 cm after harvest | 58 | 81 | 68 | 63 |
(b) Apparent N losses | 294 | 87 | 179 | 43 |
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Wang, P.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, L.; Tian, C. Comparison of Efficiency-Enhanced Management and Conventional Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization in Cotton Fields of Northwestern China. Agriculture 2021, 11, 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111134
Wang P, Zhao Z, Wang L, Tian C. Comparison of Efficiency-Enhanced Management and Conventional Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization in Cotton Fields of Northwestern China. Agriculture. 2021; 11(11):1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111134
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ping, Zhenyong Zhao, Lei Wang, and Changyan Tian. 2021. "Comparison of Efficiency-Enhanced Management and Conventional Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization in Cotton Fields of Northwestern China" Agriculture 11, no. 11: 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111134