Characterization of Vitamin B12 Compounds in Fermented Poultry Manure Fertilizers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Extraction and Assay of Vitamin B12
2.3. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) Bioautography Assay Using B12-Dependent Escherichia coli 215
2.4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
2.5. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS)
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fertilizer Products | Manufacture’s Location in Japan | Vitamin B12 Contents (µg/100 g Dry Weight) |
---|---|---|
A | Okayama prefecture | 20.6 ± 0.8 |
B | Fukuoka prefecture | 12.6 ± 0.5 |
C | Saitama prefecture | 8.5 ± 0.2 |
D | Hokkaido prefecture | 7.4 ± 0.2 |
E | Aichi prefecture | 4.8 ± 0.2 |
F | Aichi prefecture | 12.5 ± 0.5 |
G | Hyogo prefecture | 10.1 ± 0.3 |
H | Hiroshima prefecture | 6.8 ± 0.1 |
I | Kagawa prefecture | 1.4 ± 0.0 |
Mean ± SD | 9.4 ± 5.5 |
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Katsura, H.; Koseki, K.; Bito, T.; Takenaka, S.; Watanabe, F. Characterization of Vitamin B12 Compounds in Fermented Poultry Manure Fertilizers. Agriculture 2021, 11, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070627
Katsura H, Koseki K, Bito T, Takenaka S, Watanabe F. Characterization of Vitamin B12 Compounds in Fermented Poultry Manure Fertilizers. Agriculture. 2021; 11(7):627. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070627
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatsura, Hiromi, Kyohei Koseki, Tomohiro Bito, Shigeo Takenaka, and Fumio Watanabe. 2021. "Characterization of Vitamin B12 Compounds in Fermented Poultry Manure Fertilizers" Agriculture 11, no. 7: 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070627