The Effect of Dietary Fumonisin Exposure on Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Fattening Pigs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design, Conditions, and Diet Preparation
2.2. Digestibility Trial
2.3. Laboratory Analysis
2.4. Calculation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component, g/kg | |
Corn | 612.35 |
Soybean meal | 247 |
Barley | 101 |
Sunflower oil | 40 |
Limestone | 13 |
Monocalcium phosphate | 11.1 |
Vitamin and mineral premix | 5.0 |
Salt | 4.0 |
L-Lysine HCl | 1.3 |
DL-methionine | 1.0 |
L-threonine | 0.25 |
Item, g/kg | |
Crude protein | 167 |
Crude fat | 32 |
Crude fiber | 23 |
Starch | 479 |
Crude ash | 51 |
Calcium | 7.14 |
Phosphorus | 5.37 |
Sodium | 1.81 |
Mycotoxins | LOD, mg/kg | Fungal Culture, mg/g | Control (No Contamination) | 40 mg/kg FUMs, mg/kg |
---|---|---|---|---|
FB1 | 0.031 | 25.57 | nd | 30.37 |
FB2 | 0.051 | 6.17 | nd | 7.12 |
FB3 | - | 3.01 | nd | 3.1 |
Zearalenone | 0.005 | - | nd | - |
Deoxynivalenol | 0.053 | - | nd | - |
T-2 | 0.011 | - | nd | - |
Amino Acids, g/100 g Sample | |
---|---|
Aspartic acid | 1.65 |
Threonine | 0.66 |
Serine | 0.84 |
Glutamic acid | 3.33 |
Proline | 1.12 |
Glycine | 0.69 |
Alanine | 0.89 |
Cysteine | 0.26 |
Valine | 0.76 |
Methionine | 0.28 |
Isoleucine | 0.65 |
Leucine | 1.43 |
Tyrosine | 0.45 |
Phenylalanine | 0.8 |
Histidine | 0.42 |
Lysine | 0.95 |
Ammonia | 0.3 |
Arginine | 0.96 |
Item, Kg | Control | 40 mg/kg FUMs |
---|---|---|
Initial BW | 67.3 ± 5.0 | 67.8 ± 3.7 |
Final BW | 81.2 ± 5.7 | 83.1 ± 5.7 |
Duration, d | Short-Term Effect, 7 d | Long-Term Effect, 21 d | p-Values | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments, t | Control | 40 mg/kg FUMs | Control | 40 mg/kg FUMs | Treatment (t) Effect | Time (d) Effect | Interaction (t × d) |
AID of AAs, g/g | |||||||
Dry matter | 0.7404 ± 0.013 | 0.7467 ± 0.011 | 0.7641 ± 0.027 | 0.7432 ± 0.007 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.06 |
Crude protein | 0.7737 ± 0.011 | 0.7927 ± 0.017 | 0.7876 ± 0.007 | 0.7778 ± 0.022 | 0.58 | 0.95 | 0.099 |
Indispensable amino acids | |||||||
Arginine | 0.8524 ± 0.007 | 0.8659 ± 0.005 | 0.8642 ± 0.009 | 0.8500 ± 0.007 | 0.93 | 0.58 | 0.003 |
Threonine | 0.7032 ± 0.024 | 0.7094 ± 0.024 | 0.7082 ± 0.026 | 0.6866 ± 0.011 | 0.494 | 0.43 | 0.23 |
Valine | 0.7668 ± 0.020 | 0.7734 ± 0.019 | 0.7614 ± 0.015 | 0.7553 ± 0.017 | 0.98 | 0.23 | 0.50 |
Phenylalanine | 0.8031 ± 0.018 | 0.8149 ± 0.016 | 0.8128 ± 0.007 | 0.8048 ± 0.014 | 0.803 | 0.98 | 0.22 |
Methionine | 0.8743 ± 0.020 | 0.8867 ± 0.013 | 0.8780 ± 0.005 | 0.8708 ± 0.012 | 0.71 | 0.39 | 0.18 |
Lysine | 0.8394 ± 0.009 | 0.8426 ± 0.011 | 0.8593 ± 0.15 | 0.8508 ± 0.013 | 0.70 | 0.06 | 0.41 |
Histidine | 0.7886 ± 0.020 | 0.8084 ± 0.015 | 0.8458 ± 0.008 | 0.8325 ± 0.009 | 0.67 | <0.001 | 0.047 |
Isoleucine | 0.7934 ± 0.020 | 0.8062 ± 0.021 | 0.7973 ± 0.009 | 0.7945 ± 0.019 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.42 |
Leucine | 0.8307 ± 0.024 | 0.8431 ± 0.019 | 0.8416 ± 0.008 | 0.8341 ± 0.018 | 0.80 | 0.92 | 0.31 |
Dispensable amino acids | |||||||
Tyrosine | 0.6958 ± 0.030 | 0.7130 ± 0.013 | 0.7260 ± 0.004 | 0.7075 ± 0.010 | 0.94 | 0.15 | 0.047 |
Alanine | 0.7661 ± 0.016 | 0.7725 ± 0.015 | 0.7471 ± 0.018 | 0.7506 ± 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.07 | 0.89 |
Glutamic acid | 0.8421 ± 0.013 | 0.8546 ± 0.006 | 0.8496 ± 0.008 | 0.8393 ± 0.015 | 0.86 | 0.53 | 0.08 |
Glycine | 0.5863± 0.034 | 0.6169 ± 0.057 | 0.6308 ± 0.008 | 0.6070 ± 0.051 | 0.88 | 0.46 | 0.25 |
Cysteine | 0.7184 ± 0.021 | 0.7368 ± 0.027 | 0.7559 ± 0.011 | 0.7342 ± 0.019 | 0.88 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
Aspartic acid | 0.7708 ± 0.015 | 0.7771 ± 0.010 | 0.7782 ± 0.011 | 0.7686 ± 0.010 | 0.79 | 0.93 | 0.28 |
Proline | 0.6874 ± 0.069 | 0.6811 ± 0.116 | 0.5993 ± 0.103 | 0.6891 ± 0.040 | 0.400 | 0.42 | 0.34 |
Serine | 0.7724 ± 0.016 | 0.7802 ± 0.016 | 0.7906 ± 0.010 | 0.7760 ± 0.016 | 0.671 | 0.39 | 0.18 |
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Zeebone, Y.Y.; Kovács, M.; Bóta, B.; Halas, V. The Effect of Dietary Fumonisin Exposure on Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Fattening Pigs. Agriculture 2022, 12, 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101720
Zeebone YY, Kovács M, Bóta B, Halas V. The Effect of Dietary Fumonisin Exposure on Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Fattening Pigs. Agriculture. 2022; 12(10):1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101720
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeebone, Yarsmin Yunus, Melinda Kovács, Brigitta Bóta, and Veronika Halas. 2022. "The Effect of Dietary Fumonisin Exposure on Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Fattening Pigs" Agriculture 12, no. 10: 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101720