Properties of Nano-Amendments and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Attributes of Tomato Plant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Nano-Biochar (nB)
2.2. Synthesis of Green Nanobiochar (GnB)
2.3. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanobiochar (MnB)
2.4. Extraction of Nematode Eggs
2.5. Pot Experiment
2.6. Plant Growth Measurements
2.7. Soil Samples and Green Nanobiochar Analysis
2.8. Spectroscopic Analysis
2.9. Nematode Parameters
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Properties of the Investigated Soil Amendments
3.2. Impact of Nano-Amendments on Soil pH, OM, and MBC
3.3. Effect of Nano-Amendments on Root-Knot Nematodes
3.4. Correlation between Number of Nematodes per 250 cm3 and Soil pH, OM, and MBC
3.5. Impact of Nano-Amendments on Tomato Growth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Amendments | pH | EC, dSm−1 | OC, % | N, % | P, % | K, % | CEC, cmolc kg−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil | 7.79 | 1.65 | 0.62 | 30 | 5.89 | 368 | 29.03 |
CT | 8.01 | 4.08 | 24.60 | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.49 | - |
nB | 8.45 a | 2.45 a | 56.90 a | 2.70 c | 3.51 b | 5.01 b | 31.30 b |
GnB | 7.58 b | 2.29 b | 46.62 b | 4.02 a | 4.61 a | 5.74 a | 32.41 a |
MnB | 6.69 c | 2.24 c | 45.70 c | 3.08 c | 3.47 c | 5.03 b | 29.60 c |
Treatments | pH | OM % | MBC mg kg−1 |
---|---|---|---|
C | 7.79 a | 1.05 g | 165 f |
nB3 | 7.51 c | 1.55 d | 271 b |
nB6 | 7.52 c | 1.62 c | 272 b |
GnB3 | 7.60 b | 1.88 b | 261 c |
GnB6 | 7.57 b | 1.94 a | 283 a |
MnB3 | 7.45 d | 1.44 f | 229 e |
MnB6 | 7.44 d | 1.55 e | 240 d |
F-test | ** | ** | ** |
LSD (0.01) | 5.48 | 3.02 | 11.51 |
LSD (0.05) | 3.95 | 2.18 | 8.29 |
Treatments | Root Gall | Egg Mass | Number of Nematodes per 250 cm3 Soil |
---|---|---|---|
C | 71.67 a | 79.33 a | 2036 a |
nB3 | 24.67 c | 18.57 c | 852.31 c |
nB6 | 23.00 c | 17.61 c | 806 c |
GnB3 | 18.00 d | 11.00 d | 571 d |
GnB6 | 16.00 d | 9.00 d | 520 d |
MnB3 | 33.34 b | 28.76 b | 1023 b |
MnB6 | 35.67 b | 27.00 b | 1044 b |
F-test | ** | ** | ** |
LSD (0.01) | 2.41 | 5.39 | 55.62 |
LSD (0.05) | 3.50 | 7.48 | 77.20 |
Treatments | Root Length, cm | Number of Leaves | Number of Flowers | Number of Laterals | Plant Height, cm | Fresh Weight, g | Dry Weight, g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 19.35 a | 6 d | 2 f | 12 f | 28.3 d | 60.23d | 12.40 d |
nB3 | 26.07 b | 11 b | 7 c | 46.20 c | 54.04b | 83.52b | 19.28 c |
nB6 | 26.08 b | 11 b | 7 c | 46.00 c | 52.61b | 87.81 a | 21.70 bc |
GnB3 | 26.45 a | 11 b | 8.53 b | 49.43 b | 56.36a | 81.25 b | 21.84 b |
GnB6 | 26.64 a | 12 a | 10 a | 57.13 a | 60.03 a | 88.82 a | 24.65 a |
MnB3 | 25.63 d | 9 c | 4 e | 31.00 e | 46.07c | 70.91c | 13.25d |
MnB6 | 25.31 c | 9 c | 5 d | 34.00 d | 44.37c | 70.93c | 13.60 d |
F-test | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
LSD (0.05) | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.50 | 1.87 | 1.20 | 2.54 | 2.56 |
LSD (0.01) | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 2.59 | 1.67 | 3.55 | 3.54 |
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Khader, A.; Ibrahim, M.; Alkhathami, F.; Elsawy, H.; El-Kader, N.A.; Shaker, E.; Sedky, A.; Mahmoud, E. Properties of Nano-Amendments and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Attributes of Tomato Plant. Agriculture 2023, 13, 366. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020366
Khader A, Ibrahim M, Alkhathami F, Elsawy H, El-Kader NA, Shaker E, Sedky A, Mahmoud E. Properties of Nano-Amendments and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Attributes of Tomato Plant. Agriculture. 2023; 13(2):366. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020366
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhader, Asmaa, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Fahad Alkhathami, Hany Elsawy, Nasser Abd El-Kader, Eman Shaker, Azza Sedky, and Esawy Mahmoud. 2023. "Properties of Nano-Amendments and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Attributes of Tomato Plant" Agriculture 13, no. 2: 366. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020366