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Volume 13
Issue 4
10.3390/agriculture13040779
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Article

Insecticidal Potential of Matricaria chamomilla’s Essential Oil and Its Components (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and α-Bisabolol Oxide A against Agricultural Pests, Malaria, and Zika Virus Vectors

by
Khalid A. Al-Ghanim
1,*,
Kaliyamoorthy Krishnappa
2,
Jeganathan Pandiyan
2,
Marcello Nicoletti
3,
Baskar Gurunathan
4 and
Marimuthu Govindarajan
5,6,*
1
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai 609 305, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of Environmental Biology, Foundation in Unam Sapientiam, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
4
Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
5
Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
6
Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2023, 13(4), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040779
Submission received: 20 February 2023 / Revised: 24 March 2023 / Accepted: 27 March 2023 / Published: 28 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pesticides and Insecticides Derived from Phytoproducts, and Eco-Friendly Nanoparticles: Sustainable Agriculture Management)
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Abstract

Agricultural and medical insect pests are damaging edible crops, spreading diseases, and harming non-target fauna and flora. Prominent polyphagous insect pests harass farmers in the agronomy sector, causing uncountable revenue corrosion. Ecofriendly phytopesticides can avoid the consequences of the bulk usage of synthetic chemicals. In this study, the toxic effect on third-instar larvae of four different insect species (Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, Aedes vittatus, and Anopheles subpictus) and the bio-toxicity on non-target fauna (NTF) (Stegodyphus sarasinorum and Gambusia affinis) were evaluated using Matricaria chamomilla (Mc) essential oil (EO) and its major phytoconstituents (Mc-MPCs). GC–MS analysis of the studied M. chamomilla EO gathered 39 constituents, with (E)-β-Farnesene (24.3%), Germacrene D (9.4%), and α-Bisabolol oxide A (10.2%) accounting for the major constituents. Remarkable larval death was seen in H. armigera and Ae. vittatus. In addition, (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and α-Bisabolol oxide A exhibited a relevant maximum toxic effect on the target pest’s third-instar larvae. The bio-toxicity of M. chamomilla EO and Mc-MPCs was tested on terrestrial and aquatic NTF. The LC50 values for S. sarasinorum and G. affinis ranged from 922.65 to 1750.49 µg/mL. M. chamomilla EO and its MPCs evidenced prospective phytopesticidal efficiency on selected agricultural and medical insect pests.
Keywords: phytoconstituents; pesticide; insecticide; larvae; non-target fauna; ecofriendly phytoconstituents; pesticide; insecticide; larvae; non-target fauna; ecofriendly

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Ghanim, K.A.; Krishnappa, K.; Pandiyan, J.; Nicoletti, M.; Gurunathan, B.; Govindarajan, M. Insecticidal Potential of Matricaria chamomilla’s Essential Oil and Its Components (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and α-Bisabolol Oxide A against Agricultural Pests, Malaria, and Zika Virus Vectors. Agriculture 2023, 13, 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040779

AMA Style

Al-Ghanim KA, Krishnappa K, Pandiyan J, Nicoletti M, Gurunathan B, Govindarajan M. Insecticidal Potential of Matricaria chamomilla’s Essential Oil and Its Components (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and α-Bisabolol Oxide A against Agricultural Pests, Malaria, and Zika Virus Vectors. Agriculture. 2023; 13(4):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040779

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Ghanim, Khalid A., Kaliyamoorthy Krishnappa, Jeganathan Pandiyan, Marcello Nicoletti, Baskar Gurunathan, and Marimuthu Govindarajan. 2023. "Insecticidal Potential of Matricaria chamomilla’s Essential Oil and Its Components (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and α-Bisabolol Oxide A against Agricultural Pests, Malaria, and Zika Virus Vectors" Agriculture 13, no. 4: 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040779

APA Style

Al-Ghanim, K. A., Krishnappa, K., Pandiyan, J., Nicoletti, M., Gurunathan, B., & Govindarajan, M. (2023). Insecticidal Potential of Matricaria chamomilla’s Essential Oil and Its Components (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and α-Bisabolol Oxide A against Agricultural Pests, Malaria, and Zika Virus Vectors. Agriculture, 13(4), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040779

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