Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta-Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search for Case Reports
2.2. Variables of Evaluation Case Reports
2.2.1. Level of Feed Examination
2.2.2. Kind of Phototoxic Organism
2.2.3. Type of Photosensitization
2.2.4. Animal Species
2.2.5. Kind and Quality of Feed
2.2.6. Plant Species Diversity
2.2.7. Possibility of Feed Choice
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overview of All Variables
3.2. Botanical Data Basis
3.3. Phototoxic Organisms
3.4. Animal Species, General Feed Characteristics, and Type of Photosensitization
3.5. Feed Diversity and Feed Choice
4. Discussion
4.1. Reliability of Meta-Data
4.2. Impact of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice on the Incidence of Photosensitization
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Reference List of Case Reports Sorted by Animal Species
- Cattle
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- 2.
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- 3.
- Horse
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- 4.
- Sheep
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- 5.
- Other animals
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- Oliveira, C.H.S. de; Barbosa, J.D.; Oliveira, C.M.C.; Bastianetto, E.; Melo, M.M.; Haraguchi, M.; Freitas, L.G.L.; Silva, M.X.; Leite, R.C. Hepatic photosensitization in buffaloes intoxicated by Brachiaria decumbens in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Toxicon 2013, 73, 121–129, doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.001.
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- 6.
- Goat + sheep
- Opasina, B.A. Photosensitization jaundice syndrome in West African dwarf sheep and goats grazed on Brachiaria decumbens. Tropical Grasslands 1985, 19, 120–123.
- Jacob, R.H.; Peet, R.L. Poisoning of sheep and goats by Tribulis terrestris (caltrop). Aust. Vet. J. 1987, 64, 288–289, doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1987.tb15966.x.
- Cattle + Sheep
- van Halderen, A.; Harding, W.R.; Wessels, J.C.; Schneider, D.J.; Heine, E.W.; van der Merwe, J.; Fourie, J.M. Cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) poisoning of livestock in the western Cape Province of South Africa. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 1995, 66, 260–264.
- Dollahite, J.W.; Younger, R.L.; Hoffman, G.O. Photosensitization in cattle and sheep caused by feeding Ammi majus (Greater Ammi; bishop’s weed). American Journal of Veterinary Research 1978, 39, 193–197.
- 7.
- Horse + other animals
- Knupp, S.N.R.; Borburema, C.C.; Oliveira Neto, T.S.; Medeiros, R. de; Knupp, L.S.; Riet-Correa, F.; Lucena, R.B. Surtos de fotossensibilização primária em equídeos causados por Froelichia humboldtiana. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 2014, 34, 1191–1195, doi:10.1590/S0100-736X2014001200008.
- 8.
- Sheep + horse
- Pimentel, L.A.; Riet-Correa, F.; Guedes, K.M.; Macêdo, J.T.; Medeiros, R.M.; Dantas, A.F. Fotossensibilização primária em eqüídeos e ruminantes no semi-árido causada por Froelichia humboldtiana (Amaranthaceae). Pesq. Vet. Bras. 2007, 27, 23–28, doi:10.1590/S0100-736X2007000100005.
- 9.
- Goat + Sheep + Cattle
- Bale, S. Poisoning of sheep, goats and cows by the weed Hypericum triquetrifolium. Refuah Veterinarith 1978, 35, 36–37.
- 10.
- Goat + Horse
- Stegelmeier, B.L.; Colegate, S.M.; Knoppel, E.L.; Rood K. A.; Collert, M.G. Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)-induced photosensitization. Toxicon 2019, 167, 60–66, doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.06.007.
- 11.
- Cattle + Sheep + Horse
- Mendonça, M.F.F.; Pimentel, L.A.; Leal, P.V.; Oliveira Filho, J.C.; Caymmi, L.G.; Silva, A.W.O.; Jesus, R.S.; Peixoto, T.C. Hepatogenous photosensitization in ruminants and horses caused by the ingestion of Chamaecrista serpens in Brazil. Toxicon 2021, 193, 13–20, doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.013.
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Continent | Cases (n) | Portion (%) | Feed Examination by Authors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Completely | Partly | Unknown | |||
South America | 54 | 31.4 | 31 | 13 | 10 |
Australia | 38 | 22.1 | 14 | 20 | 4 |
North America | 33 | 19.2 | 18 | 10 | 5 |
Europe | 14 | 8.1 | 2 | 9 | 3 |
Asia | 12 | 7.0 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
New Zealand | 11 | 6.4 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Africa | 8 | 4.7 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
India | 2 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Sum (n) | 172 | - | 72 | 67 | 33 |
Portion (%) | - | 100 | 41.9 | 39.0 | 19.2 |
Animal Species | Normal Feed Quality | Poor Feed Quality | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Sheep | 60 | 9 | 69 |
Cattle | 45 | 10 | 55 |
Horse | 30 | 1 | 31 |
Goat | 11 | 0 | 11 |
Other animals 2 | 10 | 1 | 11 |
Sum (n) | 156 | 21 | 177 1 |
Portion (%) | 88.1 | 11.9 | 100 |
Animal Species | Primary Photosensitization | Secondary Photosensitization | Unknown Kind of Photosensitization | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sheep | 22 | 44 | 3 | 69 |
Cattle | 13 | 29 | 13 | 55 |
Horse | 18 | 10 | 3 | 31 |
Goat | 4 | 7 | 0 | 11 |
Other animals | 2 | 8 | 1 | 11 |
Sum (n) | 59 | 98 | 20 | 177 |
Portion (%) | 33.3 | 55.4 | 11.3 | 100 |
Animal Species | Kind of Feed | Sum (n) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh | Conserved | Both | Unknown | ||
Sheep | 59 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 69 |
Cattle | 39 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 55 |
Horse | 13 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 31 |
Goat | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 |
Other animals | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
Sum (n) | 127 | 25 | 14 | 11 | 177 |
Portion (%) | 71.8 | 14.1 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 100 |
Feedstuff | High Diversity | Low Diversity | Unknown Level of Diversity | Sum of Animals (n) | Feed Choice | No Feed Choice | Unknown Possibility of Feed Choice | Sum of Animals (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh feed | 21 | 56 | 50 | 127 | 8 | 83 | 36 | 127 |
Conserved feed | 5 | 12 | 8 | 25 | 3 | 22 | 0 | 25 |
Fresh and conserved feed | 6 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 14 |
Unknown feed condition | 0 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 11 |
Sum (n) | 32 | 77 | 68 | 177 | 15 | 113 | 49 | 177 |
(%) | 18.1 | 43.5 | 38.4 | 100 | 8.5 | 63.8 | 27.7 | 100 |
Animal Species | High Diversity | Low Diversity | Unknown Level of Diversity | Sum | Feed Choice | No feed Choice | Unknown Possibility of Feed Choice | Sum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sheep | 8 | 35 | 26 | 69 | 8 | 43 | 18 | 69 |
Cattle | 12 | 21 | 22 | 55 | 4 | 36 | 15 | 55 |
Horse | 8 | 12 | 11 | 31 | 2 | 21 | 8 | 31 |
Goat | 2 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 11 |
Other animals | 2 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 11 |
Sum (n) | 32 | 77 | 68 | 177 | 15 | 113 | 49 | 177 |
Portion (%) | 18.1 | 43.5 | 38.4 | 100 | 8.5 | 63.8 | 27.7 | 100 |
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Moritz, R.; Aboling, S. Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta-Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071137
Moritz R, Aboling S. Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta-Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice. Agriculture. 2024; 14(7):1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071137
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoritz, Rieke, and Sabine Aboling. 2024. "Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta-Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice" Agriculture 14, no. 7: 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071137