The Carpathian Agriculture in Poland in Relation to Other EU Countries, Ukraine and the Environmental Goals of the EU CAP 2023–2027
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Agriculture in Mountain and Foothill Areas as a Source of Market and Public Goods—Theoretical Approach
4. Results
4.1. Changes in Land Use in the Foothills and Mountain Areas of the Carpathians in the EU Countries and Ukraine in the Last 20 Years
4.2. Involvement of Farms from Mountain and Foothill Areas in Poland in the Implementation of Environmental Measures in the First Year of the CAP 2023–2027
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Eco-Scheme/Practice within an Eco-Scheme | |
---|---|
1. Carbon farming and nutrient management | 1.1. Extensive permanent grasslands with livestock 1.2. Winter catch crops/intercrops 1.3. Fertilization plans (basic variant) 1.4. Fertilization plans (liming variant) 1.5. Diversified sowing structure 1.6. Mixing solid manure on arable land within 12 h of its application 1.7. Using liquid manure with methods other than splashing 1.8. Reduced tillage systems 1.9. Mixing straw with soil |
2. Areas with melliferous plants | |
3. Water retention on permanent grassland | |
4. Integrated plant production | |
5. Biological protection of plants | |
Organic farming measure | |
Agri–environment–climate measure |
Specification | Communes with the Share of ANCs Mountain and Foothill: | Other Communes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very High | High | Medium | Small | ||
Number of farms, including share of participating environmental measures under the CAP 2023–2027: | 69,037 | 3631 | 22,674 | 42,241 | 1,096,707 |
- In eco-schemes (%) | 17.4 | 35.0 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 36.5 |
- In organic farming measure (%) | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.7 |
- In agri–environment–climate measure (%) | 11.3 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 4.7 |
Total agricultural area (ha) | 383,861 | 22,756 | 110,764 | 257,322 | 13,320,240 |
Specification | Communes with the Share of ANCs Mountain and Foothill: | Other Communes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very High | High | Medium | Small | ||
Eco-schemes: | |||||
Eco-scheme: Carbon farming and nutrient management | |||||
Extensive permanent grasslands with livestock | 18.5 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 75.9 |
Winter catch crops/intercrops | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 97.8 |
Fertilization plans (basic variant) | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 98.3 |
Fertilization plans (liming variant) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 97.3 |
Diversified sowing structure | 5.3 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 86.7 |
Mixing solid manure on arable land within 12 h of its application | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 97.1 |
Using liquid manure with methods other than splashing | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 96.8 |
Reduced tillage systems | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 96.9 |
Mixing straw with soil | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 93.8 |
Eco-scheme: Areas with melliferous plants | 3.6 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 91.5 |
Eco-scheme: Water retention on permanent grassland | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 96.3 |
Eco-scheme: Integrated plant production | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 97.3 |
Eco-scheme: Biological protection of plants | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 97.4 |
Organic farming measure | 3.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 94.7 |
Agri–environmental–climate measure | 12.8 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 84.2 |
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Zieliński, M.; Łopatka, A.; Koza, P.; Gołębiewska, B. The Carpathian Agriculture in Poland in Relation to Other EU Countries, Ukraine and the Environmental Goals of the EU CAP 2023–2027. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081325
Zieliński M, Łopatka A, Koza P, Gołębiewska B. The Carpathian Agriculture in Poland in Relation to Other EU Countries, Ukraine and the Environmental Goals of the EU CAP 2023–2027. Agriculture. 2024; 14(8):1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081325
Chicago/Turabian StyleZieliński, Marek, Artur Łopatka, Piotr Koza, and Barbara Gołębiewska. 2024. "The Carpathian Agriculture in Poland in Relation to Other EU Countries, Ukraine and the Environmental Goals of the EU CAP 2023–2027" Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081325