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Review

Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review

by
Muhammad Zubair Akram
1,2,
Angela Libutti
3,* and
Anna Rita Rivelli
2,*
1
Ph.D. Program in Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
2
School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
3
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2024, 14(8), 1418; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081418
Submission received: 16 July 2024 / Revised: 17 August 2024 / Accepted: 19 August 2024 / Published: 21 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Production)

Abstract

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa), a highly nutritious pseudocereal, is a promising crop to address global food insecurity challenges intensified by population growth and climate change. However, drought stress remains a significant constraint for quinoa cultivation. The plant exhibits several morphophysiological adaptations to water stress conditions, including root system modifications, reduced growth rate, leaf abscission, and stomatal closure. While these adaptations enhance drought tolerance, they can also negatively impact plant growth, potentially through alterations in root architecture, physiological changes, e.g., stomatal regulations, and anatomical changes. Different studies have suggested that soil amendment with biochar, a pyrolyzed organic material, can improve quinoa growth and productivity under drought stress conditions. Biochar application to the soil significantly enhances soil physiochemical characteristics and maintains plant water status, thereby promoting plant growth and potentially mitigating the negative consequences of drought on quinoa production. This review focuses on the current understanding of quinoa behavior under drought stress and the potential of soil amendment with biochar as a management strategy. We summarize existing research on applying biochar-amended soil to alleviate quinoa drought stress.
Keywords: drought; Chenopodium quinoa Willd.; morphology; physiology; anatomy; biochar; soil properties; plant growth drought; Chenopodium quinoa Willd.; morphology; physiology; anatomy; biochar; soil properties; plant growth

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Akram, M.Z.; Libutti, A.; Rivelli, A.R. Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081418

AMA Style

Akram MZ, Libutti A, Rivelli AR. Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review. Agriculture. 2024; 14(8):1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081418

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akram, Muhammad Zubair, Angela Libutti, and Anna Rita Rivelli. 2024. "Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review" Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081418

APA Style

Akram, M. Z., Libutti, A., & Rivelli, A. R. (2024). Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review. Agriculture, 14(8), 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081418

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