Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns in Northeast China: Insights from Remote Sensing and Spatial Overlay Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Processing
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Spatial Overlay Analysis
2.3.2. Land Use Dynamic Degree
2.3.3. Land Use Transition Matrix
2.3.4. The Equiangular Sector Method for Cropping Patterns
3. Results
3.1. The Characteristics of Interannual Variation in the Structure of Grain Cropping
3.2. Identification of Grain Cropping Patterns
3.3. Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns
3.3.1. Overall Changes in Crain Cropping Patterns
3.3.2. Conversion of Grain Cropping Patterns
3.3.3. Analysis of the Spatial Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns
4. Discussion
4.1. Natural Factors in the Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns
4.2. Technological Factors in the Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns
4.3. Policy Factors in the Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns
4.4. Driving Mechanisms of the Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns
4.5. Comparisons and Contrasts with Similar Studies, and Prospects
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Cropping Pattern | Period I | Period II | Period III | Land Use Dynamic Degree (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Ratio (%) | Area (km2) | Ratio (%) | Area (km2) | Ratio (%) | Period I–II | Period II–III | Period I–III | |
MCC | 56,231.50 | 15.22 | 156,449.25 | 42.21 | 173,083.50 | 45.83 | 17.82 | 1.06 | 20.78 |
RCC | 19,460.50 | 5.27 | 41,645.75 | 11.24 | 51,371.25 | 13.60 | 11.40 | 2.34 | 16.40 |
SCC | 108,296.00 | 29.31 | 51,106.25 | 13.79 | 29,342.50 | 7.77 | −5.28 | −4.26 | −7.29 |
MST | 20,486.75 | 5.54 | 10,719.75 | 2.89 | 14,417.00 | 3.82 | −4.77 | 3.45 | −2.96 |
MMS | 21,331.50 | 5.77 | 21,503.25 | 5.80 | 24,149.25 | 6.39 | 0.08 | 1.23 | 1.32 |
SSM | 63,169.50 | 17.10 | 28,253.75 | 7.62 | 16,021.75 | 4.24 | −5.53 | −4.33 | −7.46 |
OP | 80,519.00 | 21.79 | 60,959.75 | 16.45 | 69,250.50 | 18.34 | −2.43 | 1.36 | −1.40 |
Total | 369,494.75 | 100.00 | 370,637.75 | 100.00 | 377,635.75 | 100.00 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
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Du, G.; Han, L.; Yao, L.; Faye, B. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns in Northeast China: Insights from Remote Sensing and Spatial Overlay Analysis. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091443
Du G, Han L, Yao L, Faye B. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns in Northeast China: Insights from Remote Sensing and Spatial Overlay Analysis. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091443
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Guoming, Le Han, Longcheng Yao, and Bonoua Faye. 2024. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Evolution of Grain Cropping Patterns in Northeast China: Insights from Remote Sensing and Spatial Overlay Analysis" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091443