Principles and Significance of Nitrogen Management for Blackberry Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Overview of Blackberry Production
2. Nitrogen vs. Blackberry Production
2.1. Nitrogen as an Essential Nutrient for Blackberry
2.2. Nitrogen Fertilization
2.3. The Four R Principles vs. Nitrogen Management
- the right source, applying it at
- the right rate, timing the application at
- the right time, and locating it in
- the right placement [39].
2.3.1. Selecting the Right N Source
2.3.2. Determining the Right N Rate
2.3.3. Timing the Right N Application
2.3.4. Ensuring the Right Placement of N Application
3. Understanding the Mechanism of Nitrogen Dynamics
3.1. Nitrogen Acquisition by Blackberry Plants
3.2. Nitrogen Accumulation by Blackberry Plants
4. Nitrogen vs. Blackberry Berry Yield and Quality
4.1. Blackberry Berry Yield
4.2. Blackberry Berry Quality
5. Blackberry Fertilization Guided
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Plant | Recommended Range (N) Based on Year of Production | Recommended Range (N) Based on Region | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
First Year (kg/ha) | Subsequent Year (kg/ha) | Recommendation (kg/ha) | Place/Region | |
Erect | 25–45 | 45–70 | None | Arkansas |
Semi-erect | 25–45 | 45–70 | 123 | Kentucky |
Trailing | 25–45 | 45–60 | 67 | Oregon |
Plant Type and Different Stages | Recommended Dose (kg/ha N) | Timing of Application | Effect on Yield | Effect on Quality | Study/Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
General N application | 60–100 | Pre-bloom | Elevated fruit sugar content, increased pH | Enhanced antioxidant content when combined with high K levels | [37] |
Trailing blackberries | 45–60 | N/A | Higher N rates improve yield | Balanced with K for better antioxidant content | [32] |
Flowering/fruiting | >40 g/plant | Flowering and fruiting | Reduced bud count, individual fruit weight, and fruit dimensions | Decline in overall yield due to adverse effects on fruit development | [33] |
Semi-erect ‘Hull’ blackberry | 123 | N/A | Proportional increase in fruit weight and yield with increased N | Improved fruit quality, greater soluble solids, anthocyanin, reduced acidity, enhanced sweetness and taste | [13,33] |
Erect ‘Ouachita’ blackberry | 212 vs. 53 | N/A | Significantly increased yield | Larger fruit quantity and size | [38] |
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Sriti, N.; Williamson, J.; Sargent, S.; Deng, Z.; Liu, G. Principles and Significance of Nitrogen Management for Blackberry Production. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091444
Sriti N, Williamson J, Sargent S, Deng Z, Liu G. Principles and Significance of Nitrogen Management for Blackberry Production. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091444
Chicago/Turabian StyleSriti, Nurjahan, Jeffrey Williamson, Steven Sargent, Zhanao Deng, and Guodong Liu. 2024. "Principles and Significance of Nitrogen Management for Blackberry Production" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091444