Migration of Microplastics in the Rice–Duckweed System under Different Irrigation Modes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. MPs
2.3. Experiment Setup
2.4. Measurement and Calculations
2.4.1. Water Depth
2.4.2. Rice Growth Parameters
2.4.3. DNA Extraction, Amplicon Sequencing, and Data Analysis in Microorganisms
2.4.4. Quantity and Characterization of MPs
2.4.5. Soil Cracks
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Change in Water Depth
3.2. Numbers of MPs in Leakage
3.3. Rice Growth Indicators
3.4. MP Distribution and Relative Mobility in Paddy Field Systems
3.5. Microbial Community Diversity and Abundance and Pearson Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Influence of MPs on Microorganism and Rice Growth Parameters
4.2. Migration of MPs in Paddy Field Systems
4.3. Joint Regulation of MPs Migration by Irrigating-Duckweed
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types of Microplastics | Size (µm) | Relative Frequency |
---|---|---|
PE | 1~2 | 0.16% |
2~5 | 4.80% | |
5~10 | 18.30% | |
10~25 | 40.57% | |
25~50 | 25.24% | |
50~100 | 10.94% |
The RM of MPs | I | D | I × D |
---|---|---|---|
First soil layer | ** | * | NS |
Second soil layer | NS | NS | NS |
Third soil layer | NS | NS | NS |
Fourth soil layer | NS | * | NS |
Fifth soil layer | *** | NS | NS |
The RM of MPs | C | De | C × De |
---|---|---|---|
All of soil block | *** | * | * |
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Hong, C.; Wang, Z.; Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Qiang, X.; Masharifov, U.; Chen, K. Migration of Microplastics in the Rice–Duckweed System under Different Irrigation Modes. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091460
Hong C, Wang Z, Tian M, Wang Y, Liu J, Qiang X, Masharifov U, Chen K. Migration of Microplastics in the Rice–Duckweed System under Different Irrigation Modes. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091460
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Cheng, Zhenchang Wang, Minghao Tian, Yuexiong Wang, Jinjing Liu, Xiaoman Qiang, Umidbek Masharifov, and Kexin Chen. 2024. "Migration of Microplastics in the Rice–Duckweed System under Different Irrigation Modes" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091460