A Review of Discrete Element Method Applications in Soil–Plant Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Seed–Soil Interaction
2.1. Challenges
2.2. Applications and Case Studies
2.3. Opportunities
2.4. Summary
3. Root–Soil Interaction
3.1. Challenges
3.2. Applications and Case Studies
3.3. Opportunities
3.4. Summary
4. Residue–Soil Interaction
4.1. Challenges
4.2. Applications and Case Studies
4.3. Opportunities
4.4. Summary
5. Opportunities and Challenges
5.1. Emerging Fields
5.2. Future Challenges
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Software | Soil Feature | Contact Model | Seed Type | Seed Model Feature | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yan et al., 2022 [18] | EDEM (2018) | Compressible and sticky soil | The Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion Model | Soybean seed | 13-sphere model | |
Xu et al., 2022 [9] | EDEM (2018) | Sandy loam | Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Soybean seed | 5-sphere model | |
Zhou et al., 2014 [2] | PFC3D (4.0) | Different soil density between bottom and upper soil | Stiffness model; slip model; contact bond model | Oilseed rape; wheat; soybean; pea; chickpea; maize; Canavalia ensiform; | Single sphere | |
Gong et al., 2019 [8] | EDEM (2018) | Silt clay with moisture content of 15% | Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Soybean seed transform to cotyledon | Six ellipsoidal particles | |
Zeng et al., 2020 [19] | PFC3D (6.0) | Sand:70% Silt: 16% Clay: 14% Water: 26% | Linear parallel-bond model | Soybean seed (cotyledon) | Irregular shape | |
Gong et al., 2022 [15] | EDEM (2021) | Sand: 70% Silt: 16% Clay: 14% Water: 15.96% | Hertz–Mindlin with bond | Canola seed (seedling) | Single sphere | |
Gong et al., 2023 [20] | PFC3D (6.0) | Earth and lunar soil | Linear parallel-bond model | Cotyledon (soybean seed) | A clump of spherical particles |
Reference | Software | Soil Feature | Contact Model of Soil | Root Feature | Contact Model of Root | Research Objective | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nakashima et al., 2008 [39] | - | - | The Voigt model | Root elongates using internally accumulated energy | Compressed virtual spring | Simulate the root-growing process | |
Bourrier et al., 2013 [40] | Yade-DEM (1st ed.) | - | - | Roots with the same diameter | Law2 ScGeom6D CohFrictPhys CohesionMoment and ScGeom6D | The reinforcement mechanism of root on soil | |
Bai et al., 2021 [41] | PFC2D (-) | - | - | Single straight root | The parallel bond | The root can enhance the soil shear strength | |
Li et al., 2020 [37] | EDEM (-) | - | The Hertz–Mindlin (no slip) | - | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | Select the best harvesting scheme and the suitable range of driving forces | |
Liu et al., 2022 [12] | EDEM (-) | Sandy loam | Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | - | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | Investigate the taro harvesting process | |
Yuan et al., 2020 [42] | EDEM (-) | Granular soil; | The Hertz–Mindlin (no slip) | - | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | Investigate the spinach harvesting using a cutting shovel | |
Li et al., 2022 [43] | EDEM (2020) | Slabby soil agglomerates; granular soil; | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding The Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Rigid body | - | Simulate the potato separation process | |
Hao et al., 2019 [44] | EDEM (-) | Sandy loam soil | The Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Homogenous and isotropic | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | Calibrate the contact parameters of the mixture model | |
Liu et al., 2022 [45] | EDEM (-) | Sand: 62% Silt: 24% Clay: 14% Moisture: 22% | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | - | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | Construct a yam–soil complex model for future research | |
Wei et al., 2020 [46] | EDEM (-) | lumpy soil | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | Rigid body | - | Simulate the potato separation process |
Reference | Software | Soil Feature | Contact Model of Soil | Residue Feature | Contact Model of Residue | Research Objective | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zeng et al., 2020 [51] | PFC3D (6.0) | Sandy loam | The parallel bond | Rigid body | The multi-particle | Investigate the working performance of different tools | |
Adajar et al., 2021 [52] | PFC3D (6.0) | Sandy loam | The parallel bond | Different crop residues | The built-in linear contact model (single sphere) | To determine the simulation parameters | |
Gao et al., 2022 [53] | EDEM (-) | High moisture content | The Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Rigid body | The multi-particle | Calibrate the model of the wheat straw–soil mixture | |
Zhang et al., 2022 [54] | EDEM (2020) | - | The Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Rigid body | The Hertz–Mindlin (no slip) | Calibrate the model of the maize root–soil mixture | |
Zhang et al., 2023 [13] | EDEM (2020) | Loamy soil | The Hertz–Mindlin with JKR | Dividing the root into four layers | The Hertz–Mindlin with bonding | The mechanical properties of maize residue–soil complex | |
Pasthy and Tamas, 2023 [55] | PFC3D (-) | - | The Hertz–Mindlin | - | The mass-spring method | Explore the soil–residue–tool interaction |
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Tian, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Xing, Y. A Review of Discrete Element Method Applications in Soil–Plant Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091486
Tian Y, Zeng Z, Xing Y. A Review of Discrete Element Method Applications in Soil–Plant Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091486
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Yuyuan, Zhiwei Zeng, and Yuan Xing. 2024. "A Review of Discrete Element Method Applications in Soil–Plant Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091486