Spatial and Temporal Variations of Climate Resources during the Growing Season of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Research Methods and Measurement Indicators
3. Results
3.1. Variation Characteristics of Heat Resources during the Growth Duration of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province
3.2. Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Resources during the Growth Duration of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province
3.3. Variation Characteristics of Rainfall Resources during the Growth Duration of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province
3.4. The Varying Characteristics of Heat, Sunlight, and Rainfall Resources during Different Growth Stages of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Periods of Time | Average Temperature (°C) | Climatic Trend Rate (°C/10a) | Maximal Temperature (°C) | Climatic Trend Rate (°C/10a) | Minimum Temperature (°C) | Climatic Trend Rate (°C/10a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961–1980 | 20.40 b | −0.31 c | 24.93 b | −0.52 c | 17.01 b | −0.06 b |
1981–2000 | 20.37 b | 0.18 b | 24.77 c | 0.15 a | 17.08 b | 0.24 a |
2001–2020 | 21.36 a | 0.35 a | 25.92 a | 0.06 b | 17.90 a | 0.27 a |
Periods of Time | ATe (°C) | Climatic Trend Rate (°C/10a) | Sunshine Hours (h) | Climatic Trend Rate (h/10a) | Precipitation (mm) | Climatic Trend Rate (mm/10a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961–1980 | 3004.66 b | −71.02 c | 698.45 a | −60.57 b | 869.42 a | 9.89 c |
1981–2000 | 2998.84 b | 39.01 b | 640.48 b | −31.73 a | 866.70 a | 117.87 a |
2001–2020 | 3192.86 a | 73.36 a | 658.14 b | −60.43 b | 873.33 a | 34.13 b |
Meteorological Factor | Periods of Time | Sowing- Seedling Stage | Transplanting- Tillering Stage | Booting Stage | Heading Stage | Filling and Ripening Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAT (°C) | 1961–1980 | 12.62 b | 18.73 b | 22.74 b | 24.84 b | 26.48 a |
1981–2000 | 12.58 b | 18.92 b | 22.81 b | 24.69 b | 26.57 a | |
2001–2020 | 12.90 a | 19.65 a | 23.10 a | 25.19 a | 26.74 a | |
Climatic trend rate (°C/10a) | 0.17 B | 0.40 A | 0.16 B | 0.15 B | 0.11 C | |
DATmax (°C) | 1961–1980 | 17.17 b | 22.32 b | 26.55 a | 28.63 b | 30.47 a |
1981–2000 | 17.06 b | 22.49 b | 26.41 a | 28.08 c | 30.21 a | |
2001–2020 | 17.53 a | 23.13 a | 26.74 a | 29.05 a | 30.74 a | |
Climatic trend rate (°C/10a) | 0.16 B | 0.35 A | 0.08 C | 0.18 B | 0.16 B | |
DATmin (°C) | 1961–1980 | 9.42 b | 14.63 c | 18.58 c | 20.78 b | 22.87 b |
1981–2000 | 9.56 ab | 14.91 b | 18.79 b | 21.02 a | 23.01 ab | |
2001–2020 | 9.73 a | 15.47 a | 19.14 a | 21.02 a | 23.14 a | |
Climatic trend rate (°C/10a) | 0.13 BC | 0.37 A | 0.24 B | 0.10 C | 0.16 B | |
ATe (°C) | 1961–1980 | 277.43 b | 556.79 ab | 592.42 b | 646.52 b | 691.27 b |
1981–2000 | 273.53 b | 543.85 b | 594.56 b | 648.21 b | 692.03 b | |
2001–2020 | 296.82 a | 590.96 a | 610.53 a | 666.58 a | 702.78 a | |
Climatic trend rate (°C/10a) | 8.43 B | 14.86 A | 7.87 B | 8.72 B | 5.00 C |
Meteorological Factor | Periods of Time | Sowing-Seedling Stage | Transplanting and Tillering Stage | Booting Stage | Heading Stage | Filling and Ripening Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sunshine hours (h) | 1961–1980 | 102.58 a | 160.49 b | 158.76 a | 84.93 a | 188.45 a |
1981–2000 | 100.42 b | 158.43 b | 143.64 b | 79.63 b | 183.56 ab | |
2001–2020 | 98.43 c | 164.23 a | 148.82 b | 78.14 b | 177.48 b | |
Climatic trend rate (°C/10a) | −1.80 B | 2.51 A | −7.37 C | −2.74 B | −5.64 C | |
Precipitation (mm) | 1961–1980 | 167.81 a | 239.71 a | 185.65 b | 96.04 a | 179.29 b |
1981–2000 | 169.77 a | 231.67 b | 185.61 b | 95.43 ab | 180.56 b | |
2001–2020 | 159.49 b | 234.65 b | 197.71 a | 93.56 b | 192.13 a | |
Climatic trend rate (°C/10a) | −3.62 D | −2.20 C | 3.94 A | −1.08 B | 5.13 A |
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He, A.; Li, J.; Long, J.; Ai, Z.; Zhang, P.; Guo, X. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Climate Resources during the Growing Season of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091514
He A, Li J, Long J, Ai Z, Zhang P, Guo X. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Climate Resources during the Growing Season of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091514
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Aibin, Jiebing Li, Jirui Long, Zhiyong Ai, Peiguang Zhang, and Xiayu Guo. 2024. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Climate Resources during the Growing Season of Early-Season Rice in Hunan Province" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091514