Identification of Optimal Mechanization Processes for Harvesting Hazelnuts Based on Geospatial Technologies in Sicily (Southern Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Context of Study
2.2. Data Analysis and Materials
2.3. Mechanization Framework
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hectares of Hazelnuts Belonging to CLC Classes | Continuous Urban Fabric | Discontinuous Urban Fabric | Arable Crops in Non-Irrigated Areas | Orchards and Minor Fruits | Olive Grove | Annual Crops Associated with Permanent Crops | Complex Crop and Systems | Mainly Occupied Areas | Deciduous Forests | Areas with Natural Pasture at High Altitude | Areas Affected by Fires | Total of Hazelnuts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Code of CLC | 111 | 112 | 211 | 222 | 223 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 311 | 321 | 334 | |
Castell’Umberto | 20.88 | 85.16 | 17.95 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 124.23 | ||||||
Montalbano Elicona | 5.16 | 4.07 | 91.99 | 1.47 | 35.49 | 457.65 | 16.82 | 0.20 | 612.85 | |||
Raccuja | 8.46 | 315.92 | 15.40 | 21.75 | 25.37 | 4.64 | 391.53 | |||||
San Piero Patti | 3.32 | 7.21 | 423.81 | 66.77 | 91.16 | 205.15 | 17.86 | 815.28 | ||||
San Salvatore di Fitalia | 14.49 | 65.52 | 5.07 | 19.72 | 2.50 | 138.41 | 43.77 | 289.47 | ||||
Santa Domenica Vittoria | 118.95 | 0.00 | 118.95 | |||||||||
Sant’Angelo di Brolo | 0.22 | 0.71 | 471.31 | 26.53 | 23.51 | 2.18 | 38.21 | 19.68 | 82.73 | 659.21 | ||
Sinagra | 1.87 | 455.59 | 44.39 | 3.12 | 1.26 | 9.75 | 515.98 | |||||
Tortorici | 11.97 | 0.47 | 669.69 | 0.56 | 92.44 | 63.45 | 838.59 | |||||
Ucria | 7.17 | 535.19 | 0.19 | 1.63 | 54.85 | 4.32 | 603.35 | |||||
Total | 3.54 | 70.00 | 12.45 | 3114.18 | 177.78 | 23.51 | 21.90 | 194.42 | 1114.00 | 243.33 | 0.20 | 4969.43 |
0% | 1% | 0% | 63% | 4% | 0% | 0% | 4% | 22% | 5% | 0% | 100% |
DTM classes (meters) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<250 | 250–500 | 500–750 | 750–1000 | >1000 | % Area Compared to Total | |
Castell’Umberto | 0.0 | 10.7 | 85.5 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 2% |
Montalbano Elicona | 0.0 | 4.8 | 158.8 | 353.1 | 42.5 | 12% |
Raccuja | 0.0 | 0.5 | 143.1 | 195.0 | 18.3 | 8% |
San Piero Patti | 0.0 | 56.9 | 309.3 | 340.5 | 42.6 | 16% |
San Salvatore di Fitalia | 3.1 | 71.1 | 149.1 | 45.3 | 0.0 | 6% |
Santa Domenica Vittoria | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.5 | 93.4 | 2% |
Sant’Angelo di Brolo | 0.8 | 70.5 | 346.9 | 191.8 | 0.0 | 13% |
Sinagra | 5.8 | 133.9 | 214.0 | 117.9 | 6.6 | 10% |
Tortorici | 0.0 | 31.9 | 313.1 | 368.4 | 58.2 | 17% |
Ucria | 0.0 | 24.9 | 173.0 | 317.6 | 43.3 | 12% |
<250 (%) | 250–500 (%) | 500–750 (%) | 750–1000 (%) | >1000 (%) | Average DTM | |
Castell’Umberto | 0% | 10% | 78% | 12% | 0% | 627 |
Montalbano Elicona | 0% | 1% | 28% | 63% | 8% | 825 |
Raccuja | 0% | 0% | 40% | 55% | 5% | 802 |
San Piero Patti | 0% | 8% | 41% | 45% | 6% | 754 |
San Salvatore di Fitalia | 1% | 26% | 56% | 17% | 0% | 595 |
Santa Domenica Vittoria | 0% | 0% | 0% | 14% | 86% | 1088 |
Sant’Angelo di Brolo | 0% | 12% | 57% | 31% | 0% | 671 |
Sinagra | 1% | 28% | 45% | 25% | 1% | 614 |
Tortorici | 0% | 4% | 41% | 48% | 8% | 779 |
Ucria | 0% | 4% | 31% | 57% | 8% | 797 |
755 |
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Zambon, I.; Delfanti, L.; Marucci, A.; Bedini, R.; Bessone, W.; Cecchini, M.; Monarca, D. Identification of Optimal Mechanization Processes for Harvesting Hazelnuts Based on Geospatial Technologies in Sicily (Southern Italy). Agriculture 2017, 7, 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7070056
Zambon I, Delfanti L, Marucci A, Bedini R, Bessone W, Cecchini M, Monarca D. Identification of Optimal Mechanization Processes for Harvesting Hazelnuts Based on Geospatial Technologies in Sicily (Southern Italy). Agriculture. 2017; 7(7):56. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7070056
Chicago/Turabian StyleZambon, Ilaria, Lavinia Delfanti, Alvaro Marucci, Roberto Bedini, Walter Bessone, Massimo Cecchini, and Danilo Monarca. 2017. "Identification of Optimal Mechanization Processes for Harvesting Hazelnuts Based on Geospatial Technologies in Sicily (Southern Italy)" Agriculture 7, no. 7: 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7070056