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Review

Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications

by
Yuanzhen Cai
1,2,
Milad Bazli
1,2,3,
Asanka P. Basnayake
1,2,
Martin Veidt
1,2 and
Michael T. Heitzmann
1,2,*
1
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
2
Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
3
College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091286
Submission received: 29 July 2022 / Revised: 23 August 2022 / Accepted: 30 August 2022 / Published: 12 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mooring Systems of Floating Offshore Structures for Emerging Industries)
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Abstract

Ocean energy is an underutilized renewable energy source compared with hydropower and wind power. Therefore, the development of economical and efficient wave energy converters (WECs) is important and crucial for offshore power generation. The mooring tensioner is a critical device that can be used in point-absorber-type WECs, semisubmersible floats for oil and gas drilling, and floating wind turbines. A mooring tensioner is a system used to create, reduce, or maintain tension within the mooring lines by applying a force to the mooring line. Composite springs as mooring tensioners have several advantages compared to metal springs, such as corrosion resistance, high specific strain energy, appropriate fatigue performance, and the ability to flexibly adjust the spring constant without changing the overall dimensions. This paper reviews in detail the fatigue performance, seawater durability, and manufacturing methods of different composite materials as well as the current and potential applications of composites springs. In addition, recommendations for future research and opportunities for composite mooring tensioners are presented.
Keywords: wave energy converter; mooring tensioner; fatigue strength of composite material; seawater durability of composite material wave energy converter; mooring tensioner; fatigue strength of composite material; seawater durability of composite material

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cai, Y.; Bazli, M.; Basnayake, A.P.; Veidt, M.; Heitzmann, M.T. Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091286

AMA Style

Cai Y, Bazli M, Basnayake AP, Veidt M, Heitzmann MT. Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2022; 10(9):1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091286

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cai, Yuanzhen, Milad Bazli, Asanka P. Basnayake, Martin Veidt, and Michael T. Heitzmann. 2022. "Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9: 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091286

APA Style

Cai, Y., Bazli, M., Basnayake, A. P., Veidt, M., & Heitzmann, M. T. (2022). Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(9), 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091286

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