Water Exchange Due to Wind and Waves in a Monsoon Prevailing Tropical Atoll
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Site and Period
2.2. The Realistic Model
2.3. Numerical Experiments
2.4. In Situ Measurements
3. Results
3.1. Model Validation
3.2. Transports across the Lagoon Boundary
4. Discussion
4.1. Hydrodynamic Time Scales to Measure Exchange Rates
4.2. Diffusion of Pollutants from the Dongsha Island
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Label | Tides | Wind | Waves |
---|---|---|---|
T | K1 | n/a | n/a |
TWi_SW | K1 | SW | n/a |
TWi_NE | K1 | NE | n/a |
TWa_SW | K1 | n/a | SW |
TWa_NE | K1 | n/a | NE |
SS | RMSE | Bias | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H10 | Surface elevation | 0.995 | 0.99 | 0.033 | −0.011 |
Eastward depth-averaged velocity | 0.8 | 0.73 | 0.029 | −0.011 | |
Northward depth-averaged velocity | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.032 | 0.012 | |
Significant wave height | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.099 | 0.021 | |
Peak wave period | 0.50 | 0.39 | 4.612 | 3.706 | |
N09 | Surface elevation | 0.99 | 0.996 | 0.035 | −0.014 |
Eastward depth-averaged velocity | 0.53 | 0.40 | 0.011 | −0.002 | |
Northward depth-averaged velocity | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.019 | −0.002 | |
Significant wave height | 0.58 | 0.41 | 0.107 | 0.060 | |
Peak wave period | 0.44 | 0.24 | 4.314 | 3.343 |
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Chen, S.-M. Water Exchange Due to Wind and Waves in a Monsoon Prevailing Tropical Atoll. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010109
Chen S-M. Water Exchange Due to Wind and Waves in a Monsoon Prevailing Tropical Atoll. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023; 11(1):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010109
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Shi-Ming. 2023. "Water Exchange Due to Wind and Waves in a Monsoon Prevailing Tropical Atoll" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 1: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010109