Acoustic Target Strengths and Swimbladder Morphology of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ex Situ Target Strength Measurement
2.2. Acoustic Data Analysis
2.3. Swimming Angle Measurement
2.4. Swimbladder Characteristics
3. Results
3.1. Environment and Specimens
3.2. Ex Situ Target Strength and Swimming Angle
3.3. Swimbladder Morphology
4. Discussion
4.1. Chub Mackerel TS Sample Specimens
4.2. Chub Mackerel Swimbladder Characteristics
4.3. Chub Mackerel Swimming Posture Angles
4.4. Chub Mackerel TS
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fish Size Group | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 10.8 | 12.6 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 21.4 | 23.7 | 25.4 | 26.9 | 28.3 |
Standard deviation | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | |
Minimum | 12.4 | 14.7 | 15.0 | 20.5 | 23.5 | 24.0 | 26.8 | 27.4 | |
Maximum | 12.6 | 14.9 | 17.1 | 22.4 | 24.0 | 26.7 | 26.9 | 28.7 | |
Number of individuals in group | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
Method | Condition | Freq. (kHz) | FL (cm) | b20 (dB) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ex situ | Live | 38 | 10.8–28.3 | −67.4 | This study |
70 | −66.6 | ||||
120 | −67.3 | ||||
Live | 38 | 17.4–34.0 | −67.9 | [22] | |
120 | −69.2 | ||||
Dead | 25 | 23.0–26.8 | −64.1 | [19] | |
100 | −65.5 | ||||
Dead | 50 | 26.2–38.3 | −67.2 | [20] | |
75 | −69.9 | ||||
120 | −66.9 | ||||
200 | −71.1 | ||||
In situ | Live | 38 | 20.0–30.0 (L) | −72.8 | [23] |
120 | −73.6 | ||||
Theoretical model | Dead | 38 | 15.4–26.2 | −66.02 | [22] |
70 | −66.50 | ||||
120 | −66.00 | ||||
200 | −67.35 | ||||
Dead | 38 | 12.04–22.17 (BL) | −73.27 | [7] | |
70 | −73.56 | ||||
120 | −74.18 | ||||
200 | −73.46 |
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Lee, H.; Yoon, E.; Choo, Y.J.; Lee, J.-H. Acoustic Target Strengths and Swimbladder Morphology of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091500
Lee H, Yoon E, Choo YJ, Lee J-H. Acoustic Target Strengths and Swimbladder Morphology of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(9):1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091500
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hyungbeen, Euna Yoon, Yong Jin Choo, and Jeong-Hoon Lee. 2024. "Acoustic Target Strengths and Swimbladder Morphology of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 9: 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091500