Longer-Term Mental and Behavioral Health Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Longer Term Effects of Oil Spills
1.2. Longer-Term Disaster Recovery
2. Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill
3. Experimental Design
4. Measures
5. Participants
6. Statistical Analysis
7. Results
Time 1 | Time 2 | 95% CI Difference | 90% CI Equivalence | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental Health | M | SD | M | SD | MΔ (change) | L | U | t | df | p | d | L | U |
Anxiety | 8.0 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 7.1 | −0.05 | −1.01 | 0.90 | −0.11 | 171 | 0.91 | 0.01 | −0.14 | 0.16 |
Serious Mental Illness | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 0.65 | −0.04 | 1.34 | 1.84 | 301 | 0.07 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.22 |
Depression | 9.7 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 9.5 | −0.63 | −1.98 | 0.73 | −0.91 | 170 | 0.36 | 0.07 | −0.08 | 0.22 |
Posttraumatic Stress | 35.0 | 16.6 | 34.0 | 18.2 | 0.94 | −0.95 | 2.83 | 0.98 | 292 | 0.33 | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.17 |
B | SE | β | T | p | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
Married or cohabitating | −1.53 | 0.69 | −0.11 | −2.21 | 0.028 | −2.89 | −0.17 |
Oil/Gulf dependent occupation | 1.36 | 1.13 | 0.06 | 1.20 | 0.231 | −0.87 | 3.58 |
Litigant | 1.35 | 1.14 | 0.06 | 1.18 | 0.237 | −0.89 | 3.59 |
Oil spill concerns | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.559 | −0.23 | 0.42 |
Oil spill disruption | 0.73 | 0.10 | 0.42 | 7.16 | 0.000 | 0.53 | 0.93 |
Hurricane Katrina Losses | 0.59 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 3.89 | 0.000 | 0.29 | 0.90 |
Income above 40,000 | −2.41 | 0.72 | −0.16 | −3.36 | 0.001 | −3.82 | −1.00 |
Post spill financial assistance | −2.02 | 0.89 | −0.12 | −2.26 | 0.025 | −3.78 | −0.26 |
8. Discussion
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hansel, T.C.; Osofsky, H.J.; Osofsky, J.D.; Speier, A. Longer-Term Mental and Behavioral Health Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2015, 3, 1260-1271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3041260
Hansel TC, Osofsky HJ, Osofsky JD, Speier A. Longer-Term Mental and Behavioral Health Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2015; 3(4):1260-1271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3041260
Chicago/Turabian StyleHansel, Tonya Cross, Howard J. Osofsky, Joy D. Osofsky, and Anthony Speier. 2015. "Longer-Term Mental and Behavioral Health Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 3, no. 4: 1260-1271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse3041260