Preoccupation with Devotional Songs and Spiritual Well-Being of Religious Individuals: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Religiosity and Emotionally Adaptive Functions of Music
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Spiritual Well-Being
2.2.2. Religiosity
2.2.3. Preoccupation with Devotional Songs
2.2.4. Emotionally Adaptive Functions of Music
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Relationship between Variables Involved in the Spiritual Well-Being of Religious Individuals
3.2. Verification of the Moderated Mediation Model for Spiritual Well-Being of Religious Individuals
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PDS | preoccupation with devotional songs |
EAFM | emotionally adaptive functions of music |
SWBS | Spiritual Well-Being Scale |
SWLS | Satisfaction with Life Scale |
I/E-R | Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale |
I | intrinsic religiosity |
Ep | extrinsic personal religiosity |
Es | extrinsic social religiosity |
FML | adaptive Functions of Music Listening scale |
IRB | institutional review board |
SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Sciences |
VIF | variance inflation factor |
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Variables | Frequency | Percent (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
male | 210 | 49.2 | |
female | 217 | 50.8 | |
Age | |||
20s | 81 | 19.0 | |
30s | 84 | 19.7 | |
40s | 86 | 20.1 | |
50s | 86 | 20.1 | |
60s | 90 | 21.1 | |
Religion | |||
Buddhist | 111 | 26.0 | |
Catholic | 98 | 23.0 | |
Protestant | 214 | 50.1 | |
other | 4 | 0.9 | |
Attendance at religious services | |||
none | 132 | 30.9 | |
once a month | 97 | 22.7 | |
two or three times a month | 49 | 11.5 | |
once a week | 117 | 27.4 | |
more than twice a week | 32 | 7.5 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | |||||||
2 | 0.147 ** | 1 | ||||||
3 | 0.757 *** | 0.088 | 1 | |||||
4 | 0.410 *** | 0.277 *** | 0.465 *** | 1 | ||||
5 | 0.335 *** | 0.112 * | 0.284 *** | 0.246 *** | 1 | |||
6 | 0.443 *** | 0.149 ** | 0.522 *** | 0.320 *** | 0.076 | 1 | ||
6-1 | 0.530 *** | 0.134 ** | 0.620 *** | 0.384 *** | 0.079 | 0.966 *** | 1 | |
6-2 | 0.336 *** | 0.154 ** | 0.400 *** | 0.241 *** | 0.069 | 0.971 *** | 0.876 *** | 1 |
M | 17.87 | 69.05 | 32.35 | 14.50 | 7.56 | 14.64 | 6.79 | 7.85 |
SD | 6.19 | 12.72 | 10.04 | 3.51 | 3.63 | 20.93 | 10.39 | 11.22 |
Skewness | −0.10 | −0.65 | 0.17 | −0.94 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.02 |
Kurtosis | −0.69 | 1.29 | −0.46 | 1.16 | −0.82 | −0.36 | −0.19 | −0.49 |
Variables | B | S.E. | t | LLCI | ULCI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mediating variable model (Outcome variable: Intrinsic religiosity) | ||||||||
Constant | 30.042 | 0.655 | 45.89 *** | 28.7553 | 31.3289 | |||
PDS | 1.203 | 0.053 | 22.71 *** | 1.0984 | 1.3066 | |||
EAPM | −0.018 | 0.025 | −0.71 | −0.0661 | 0.0310 | |||
PDS × EAPM | −0.011 | 0.004 | −2.98 ** | −0.0174 | −0.0036 | |||
Increase of R2 with interaction | R2 | F | ||||||
0.009 | 8.87 ** | |||||||
Dependent variable model (Outcome variable: Spiritual well-being) | ||||||||
Constant | −14.386 | 4.424 | −3.25 ** | −23.0815 | −5.6896 | |||
PDS | 0.386 | 0.217 | 1.78 | −0.0403 | 0.8116 | |||
Intrinsic religiosity | 0.927 | 0.134 | 6.92 *** | 0.6637 | 1.1909 | |||
Conditional effects of the focal predictor at values of the moderator (EAPM) | ||||||||
EAPM | Effect | S.E. | t | LLCI | ULCI | |||
M − 1SD | 1.336 | 0.070 | 19.15 *** | 1.1989 | 1.4731 | |||
M | 1.203 | 0.053 | 22.71 *** | 1.0984 | 1.3066 | |||
M + 1SD | 1.069 | 0.069 | 15.49 *** | 0.9334 | 1.2047 | |||
Conditional indirect effects of intrinsic religiosity by EAPM | ||||||||
EAPM | Effect | Boot S.E. | LLCI | ULCI | ||||
−12.72 | 1.251 | 0.203 | 0.8593 | 1.6467 | ||||
0.00 | 1.119 | 0.177 | 0.7821 | 1.4727 | ||||
12.72 | 0.986 | 0.165 | 0.6789 | 1.3318 |
Value of the Moderator | B | S.E. | t | LLCI | ULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−49.0468 | 1.717 | 0.181 | 9.47 *** | 1.3608 | 2.0740 |
−45.0968 | 1.676 | 0.168 | 9.97 *** | 1.3455 | 2.0064 |
−41.1468 | 1.635 | 0.155 | 10.55 *** | 1.3298 | 1.9391 |
−37.1968 | 1.593 | 0.142 | 11.22 *** | 1.3140 | 1.8721 |
−33.2468 | 1.552 | 0.129 | 12.01 *** | 1.2977 | 1.8054 |
−29.2968 | 1.510 | 0.117 | 12.95 *** | 1.2809 | 1.7393 |
−25.3468 | 1.469 | 0.104 | 14.07 *** | 1.2635 | 1.6738 |
−21.3968 | 1.427 | 0.093 | 15.41 *** | 1.2450 | 1.6092 |
−17.4468 | 1.386 | 0.082 | 16.98 *** | 1.2253 | 1.5461 |
−13.4968 | 1.344 | 0.072 | 18.78 *** | 1.2035 | 1.4849 |
−9.5468 | 1.303 | 0.063 | 20.66 *** | 1.1788 | 1.4267 |
−5.5968 | 1.261 | 0.057 | 22.24 *** | 1.1498 | 1.3727 |
−1.6468 | 1.220 | 0.053 | 22.87 *** | 1.1150 | 1.3246 |
2.3032 | 1.178 | 0.054 | 22.04 *** | 1.0732 | 1.2835 |
6.2532 | 1.137 | 0.057 | 19.90 *** | 1.0246 | 1.2492 |
10.2032 | 1.095 | 0.064 | 17.20 *** | 0.9702 | 1.2206 |
14.1532 | 1.054 | 0.072 | 14.57 *** | 0.9117 | 1.1962 |
18.1032 | 1.013 | 0.083 | 12.28 *** | 0.8503 | 1.1746 |
22.0532 | 0.971 | 0.094 | 10.38 *** | 0.7870 | 1.1550 |
26.0032 | 0.930 | 0.105 | 8.82 *** | 0.7224 | 1.1366 |
29.9532 | 0.888 | 0.118 | 7.55 *** | 0.6569 | 1.1193 |
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Park, A.; Suh, K.-H. Preoccupation with Devotional Songs and Spiritual Well-Being of Religious Individuals: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Religiosity and Emotionally Adaptive Functions of Music. Religions 2022, 13, 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080697
Park A, Suh K-H. Preoccupation with Devotional Songs and Spiritual Well-Being of Religious Individuals: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Religiosity and Emotionally Adaptive Functions of Music. Religions. 2022; 13(8):697. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080697
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Alexander, and Kyung-Hyun Suh. 2022. "Preoccupation with Devotional Songs and Spiritual Well-Being of Religious Individuals: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Religiosity and Emotionally Adaptive Functions of Music" Religions 13, no. 8: 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080697