Journal Description
Religions
Religions
is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal on religions and theology, published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, AHCI (Web of Science), ATLA Religion Database, Religious and Theological Abstracts, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 (Religious Studies)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 24.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
0.7 (2023)
Latest Articles
When Politics and Religion Fuse: The Nature and Implications of the Meskel Square Controversy in the Ethiopian Media
Religions 2025, 16(5), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050543 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025
Abstract
Using space as a conceptual framework, this paper analyzes the nature of a controversy that arose in Ethiopia when the government and three religious groups—the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC), Protestants and Muslims—clashed over claims to Ethiopia’s most famous square, Meskel Square. Critical
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Using space as a conceptual framework, this paper analyzes the nature of a controversy that arose in Ethiopia when the government and three religious groups—the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC), Protestants and Muslims—clashed over claims to Ethiopia’s most famous square, Meskel Square. Critical discourse analysis of the media content of the controversy revealed that the EOTC sees the square as inherently religious and claims to use it exclusively for worship. The controversy, on the other hand, allowed the government and the other two groups to redefine the space as a shared avenue for “everyone”. The clash became a symbol of the power struggle between religious groups in Ethiopian politics. While the conflict was overlooked by the mainstream media, individuals from different political–religious orientations debated the issue in greater depth and detail through social media. The controversy has long-term implications for EOTC-related religious spaces in Ethiopia.
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(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Humanities/Philosophies)
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Al-Hajj Umar Taal or El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X)? Case Studies on Islam and Interreligious Pan-African Unity
by
Jimmy Earl Butts
Religions 2025, 16(5), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050542 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025
Abstract
A comparison between the function of Islam in the lives of Al-Hajj Umar Taal and El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) suggests that Shabazz’s example of translating his Islamic obligations into the secular philosophy of Pan-Africanism reflects more promise toward the interest of interreligious
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A comparison between the function of Islam in the lives of Al-Hajj Umar Taal and El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) suggests that Shabazz’s example of translating his Islamic obligations into the secular philosophy of Pan-Africanism reflects more promise toward the interest of interreligious Pan-African unity. During the nineteenth century, figures like Edward Blyden and Duse Muhammad Ali both presented the compatibility of Islam with Pan-Africanism. However, the practical examples of the steps needed to obtain interreligious unity require continued exploration. The author begins with an examination of the question of jihad and the “religious other” in Islam as understood by some. Secondly, the author focuses on Umar Taal to explore the way his understanding of Islam affected his relationship with both Muslim and non-Muslim Africans he encountered in nineteenth-century West Africa. Subsequently, the author analyzes how Malik El-Shabazz understood Islam to relate to the quest for Pan-Africanism. Using concepts from the critical theory of religion, the author will argue that Shabazz’s determinate negation of elements of his religious commitments that might hinder unity among people of African descent is instructive for the construction of an interreligious Pan-African unity.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roots, Religion and Resistance: Unpacking the Spectrum of Black Nationalist Movements)
Open AccessArticle
Political Grief and the South Korean Church
by
Sunkyo Park
Religions 2025, 16(5), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050541 - 23 Apr 2025
Abstract
On the morning of 16 April 2014, the passenger ship Sewol capsized off the coast of Jindo, South Korea. The sinking caused three hundred four deaths, including five missing persons, and one hundred seventy-two survivors. The tragedy triggered tremendous grief and loss for
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On the morning of 16 April 2014, the passenger ship Sewol capsized off the coast of Jindo, South Korea. The sinking caused three hundred four deaths, including five missing persons, and one hundred seventy-two survivors. The tragedy triggered tremendous grief and loss for the entire nation. Amid national mourning, the politically and ideologically biased discourses of several church leaders exacerbated the sorrow during this challenging period. This study argues that anti-communism is the primary source of their perspective. This study analyzed the anti-communism perspectives of the two churches with political grief. It concluded that the South Korean church has two distinct perspectives on anti-communism that have been consistently reinforced or challenged within their historical, theological, and socio-political aspects. These differences have influenced the formation of the new assumptive worlds of the two churches.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religious Perspectives on Ecological, Political, and Cultural Grief)
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Migratory Thought: Dialogues Between Biblical Scholarship and Anthropology on Human Mobility
by
Ida Hartmann
Religions 2025, 16(5), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050540 - 23 Apr 2025
Abstract
In recent decades, biblical scholars have begun to read the narratives about ancient persons and peoples on the move in dialogue with modern migration studies. As part of this broader trend, I became involved in a research project focused on descriptions of the
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In recent decades, biblical scholars have begun to read the narratives about ancient persons and peoples on the move in dialogue with modern migration studies. As part of this broader trend, I became involved in a research project focused on descriptions of the earliest Jewish diaspora in the Hebrew Bible and historical documents due to my background as an anthropologist specializing in contemporary migration. This article aims to strengthen and systemize this emerging interdisciplinary conversation about human mobility. It provides a methodological catalog outlining four different ways biblical scholars and students may draw comparatively from the study of modern mobilities to shed new light on ancient and biblical worlds of motion. These four methods are tentatively labeled (1) applying new categories, (2) asking new questions, (3) thinking through concepts, and (4) exposing implicit biases. The article defines these as different comparative heuristics and uses the book of Ruth to reflect upon their respective strengths, limits, and unintended consequences.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transgressing Boundaries: Biblical and Social Scientific Studies of Migration)
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Fresh Twigs, Drying Blood, and Popped Corn: The Ephemeral Materiality of Eastern Minyag Ritual Objects
by
Valentina Punzi
Religions 2025, 16(5), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050539 - 23 Apr 2025
Abstract
The Eastern Minyag is a small community located east of Gangkar Mountain (Chinese: gongga shan) in Southwest China. Their complex rituals, performed by ritual specialists (sutcywu), serve various purposes: diagnosing the causes of individual psycho-physical ailments, investigating the misfortunes affecting
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The Eastern Minyag is a small community located east of Gangkar Mountain (Chinese: gongga shan) in Southwest China. Their complex rituals, performed by ritual specialists (sutcywu), serve various purposes: diagnosing the causes of individual psycho-physical ailments, investigating the misfortunes affecting entire families, making offerings to the ancestors, and banishing the ghosts of the deceased. While research on the ritual traditions of communities in the Sino-Tibetan borderlands often subsumes Eastern Minyag rituals under the general category of Tibetan Bon, this article adopts a context-oriented approach that highlights the environmental conditions and cosmology of the Eastern Minyag community. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted by the author in 2018–2019, the article examines the material aspects of Eastern Minyag rituals occurring in domestic spaces. Specifically, it first explores how natural elements of animal and plant origin are selected and manipulated to create ritual objects. Secondly, it offers an overview of the setups and processes involved in the vivi ritual. Lastly, it reflects on the temporary agency of ritual objects contingent upon their ephemeral materiality.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materiality and Private Rituals in Tibetan and Himalayan Cultures)
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(In)tangible Cultural Heritage and Religious Minorities: Legal Strategies for the Preservation of Religious Sites
by
Thiago Rafael Burckhart
Religions 2025, 16(5), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050538 - 23 Apr 2025
Abstract
In recent decades, religious spaces have increasingly become subject to heritage processes, encompassing both their tangible dimension and the emerging concept of intangible cultural heritage. This article examines the legal strategies available for protecting the (in)tangible cultural heritage that minority religious communities can
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In recent decades, religious spaces have increasingly become subject to heritage processes, encompassing both their tangible dimension and the emerging concept of intangible cultural heritage. This article examines the legal strategies available for protecting the (in)tangible cultural heritage that minority religious communities can employ to safeguard their religious sites. Focusing on the case of African-derived religions in Brazil, this study argues that the recognition of their (in)tangible heritage serves as a strategic legal instrument for protecting their religious spaces, despite the conflicts that such recognition may provoke. This article contributes to the field of cultural heritage law, engaging with religious studies and exploring the complexities of legally safeguarding minority cultural practices.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religions, Cultural Memory and Heritage in the City: Reassembling a Plural Scenario)
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Exploring Complexities of Forgiveness in Religious Traditions in a Post-Conflict Setting: Interviews with Muslim and Christian Leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina
by
Stipe Odak
Religions 2025, 16(5), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050537 - 22 Apr 2025
Abstract
This article explores religious understandings of interpersonal forgiveness in post-conflict contexts. It challenges views that portray religious perspectives as purely normative, prescriptive, and insensitive to life’s complexities. This study draws from 75 in-depth interviews with religious leaders from Bosnia and Herzegovina’s three largest
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This article explores religious understandings of interpersonal forgiveness in post-conflict contexts. It challenges views that portray religious perspectives as purely normative, prescriptive, and insensitive to life’s complexities. This study draws from 75 in-depth interviews with religious leaders from Bosnia and Herzegovina’s three largest faith communities (Islamic Community, Roman Catholic Church, and Serbian Orthodox Church). Using grounded theory methodology for data collection and analysis, this research reveals three interrelated conceptualizations of forgiveness: (1) forgiveness as a dispensation from justified punishment, (2) forgiveness as an emotional process, and (3) forgiveness as a spiritual transformation. This paper further examines forgiveness along the dimensions of procedurality, collectivity, conditionality, and memory. Forgiveness emerges as a fragmented, non-linear process shaped by both individual and collective factors. While some fundamental openness toward forgiveness is often seen as unconditional, its progression depends significantly on the wrongdoer’s actions and broader context. Finally, the findings show that forgiveness does not imply forgetting, yet it substantially influences how past injuries are remembered and commemorated.
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(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Theologies)
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Bonhoeffer, Kierkegaard, and Conditional Pacifism
by
Gregory L. Bock
Religions 2025, 16(5), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050536 - 22 Apr 2025
Abstract
Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Christian pacifist who believed Jesus Christ taught nonviolence, yet Bonhoeffer was involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Adolf Hitler. How did Bonhoeffer justify to himself his participation in the plot? This essay makes the argument that Bonhoeffer, influenced by
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Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Christian pacifist who believed Jesus Christ taught nonviolence, yet Bonhoeffer was involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Adolf Hitler. How did Bonhoeffer justify to himself his participation in the plot? This essay makes the argument that Bonhoeffer, influenced by Soren Kierkegaard, distinguishes between ethics and acts of faith, suggesting the possibility that Bonhoeffer believed he was responding in faithful obedience to the direct call of God to participate in the plot despite the fact that this conflicted with the ethics of the Sermon on the Mount.
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Management of Religious Diversity in Chile: Experiences from Local Governments
by
Nelson Marín Alarcón and Luis Bahamondes González
Religions 2025, 16(4), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040535 - 21 Apr 2025
Abstract
This article analyzes the origins, characteristics, and functioning of the Chilean public institutions dedicated to managing religious diversity at the municipal level. Paying attention to the effects produced by the promulgation of the 1999 Cults Law, the text problematizes how the tensions between
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This article analyzes the origins, characteristics, and functioning of the Chilean public institutions dedicated to managing religious diversity at the municipal level. Paying attention to the effects produced by the promulgation of the 1999 Cults Law, the text problematizes how the tensions between political, technical, and religious elements affect the daily functioning of the Municipal Offices of Religious Affairs (OMARs in Spanish). Here, the influence of evangelical pressure groups seeking to position themselves at the level of local politics meets local governments led by mayors searching to expand their access to forms of organized citizenship. The article is based on a historical review of the forms of religious management in Chile and interviews with those in charge of the OMARs in communes of the city of Santiago.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Religious Diversity: Comparing and Contrasting Experiences across the World)
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Returning to Zhen: An Investigation of Zhen Highlighted by Zhuangzi and Daoist Self-Transcendence
by
Shaojun Wang
Religions 2025, 16(4), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040534 - 21 Apr 2025
Abstract
Very few people know that there is not even one character of zhen 真 in the Thirteen Classics revered by Confucians. Among the three axiological categories, Confucianism attaches importance to shan 善 (goodness) and mei 美 (beauty), while Daoism highlights zhen. It
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Very few people know that there is not even one character of zhen 真 in the Thirteen Classics revered by Confucians. Among the three axiological categories, Confucianism attaches importance to shan 善 (goodness) and mei 美 (beauty), while Daoism highlights zhen. It was Daoism that first put forward zhen as a philosophical concept and discussed it extensively. However, the existing research about it is still insufficient and mingled with misunderstandings. In this article, I will explore its innermost connotations. I will mainly employ methods such as a literature analysis and comparative research in this inquiry. Zhen indicates the existential authenticity of each individual and the whole world. Daoists believe that one will deviate from zhen once he/she yields to su 俗. Su not only refers to sensual desires but includes Confucian moral regulations as well. Only when one has transcended these secular values will it be possible for him/her to become a true person (zhenren 真人). What Confucians are concerned with is shan, and they even want to repress zhen with shan. This is the fundamental reason that they are unwilling to mention zhen.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comparative Study of the Concepts of Self-Transcendence, Value and Power in the Works of Emerson and Zhuang Zi)
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How the Body Gets Healthy: An Empirical Case of Animism and Naturalism Working Together in the Treatment of Disease Among the Nuosu People of Southwest China
by
Qian Sun, Ximing Xue and Chen Chen
Religions 2025, 16(4), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040533 - 21 Apr 2025
Abstract
This paper examines perceptions of illness and related therapeutic practices observed among the Nuosu, an ethnic minority group of Southwest China. The paper will discuss the interplay between animism and naturalism in the treatment of Nuosu illness. Through a case study of a
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This paper examines perceptions of illness and related therapeutic practices observed among the Nuosu, an ethnic minority group of Southwest China. The paper will discuss the interplay between animism and naturalism in the treatment of Nuosu illness. Through a case study of a young Nuosu woman’s treatment of illness, the analysis reveals a relationship between animism and naturalism that is both antagonistic and synergistic. At the epistemological level, these two ontologies diverge; however, when confronted with differences in knowledge, the Nuosu worldview and view of illness exhibit a ‘relational’ model of intimate connection between human and non-human entities. The Nuosu did not reject naturalism, but rather ‘made connections’ in a way that led to greater intellectual convergence between animism and naturalism, thus providing a basis for cooperation between the two. On a practical level, modern medicine focuses on physical healing, while the Nuosu’s rituals emphasize the healing of the soul and body to achieve health. The integration of animism and naturalism in the healing process by the Nuosu allowed for cooperation and complementarity between the two in the realm of practice.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religion, Ritual, and Healing)
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Strategies for Colonizing Death: The Online Dead, Griefbots, and Transhumanist Dragons
by
Raquel Ferrández
Religions 2025, 16(4), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040532 - 20 Apr 2025
Abstract
Digital immortality and transhumanist longevity proposals are currently researched and debated independently. This essay claims that both ideas represent two sides of the same cultural denial of death, reconceptualizing them as interconnected forms of thanato-colonialism. The first form includes the digital immortality
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Digital immortality and transhumanist longevity proposals are currently researched and debated independently. This essay claims that both ideas represent two sides of the same cultural denial of death, reconceptualizing them as interconnected forms of thanato-colonialism. The first form includes the digital immortality industry, in both its passive and active versions. Interpreted from the framework of data colonialism, digital immortality represents a masterful maneuver, guaranteeing that the dead can continue to contribute to the extractive logic of this new economy by endlessly generating data and serving as bait for the appropriation of human lives. In this way, data colonialism is no longer constrained by physical disappearance—transforming death itself into a profitable colonization strategy. The second kind of thanato-colonialism surfaces within the transhumanist imaginaries, which inherit the violence of historical colonialism and resort to the argument of progress to justify their ends. Nick Bostrom’s fable of the Dragon Tyrant allegorizes old age as a mythological beast, an archetype of the “other”—fundamentally different, threatening, and impossible to negotiate with—who must be subdued without contemplation. A team of engineers—humanity’s saviors—is tasked with slaying it.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Between Philosophy and Theology: Liminal and Contested Issues)
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Dechurched Christians in Hong Kong: A Study
by
Ann Gillian Chu
Religions 2025, 16(4), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040531 - 19 Apr 2025
Abstract
Though many Christian churches exist in Hong Kong, some who claim to be Christians are not members of churches, nor do they attend a Sunday service regularly. They identify as faithful but not religious. Some might even be pursuing advanced degrees in Christian
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Though many Christian churches exist in Hong Kong, some who claim to be Christians are not members of churches, nor do they attend a Sunday service regularly. They identify as faithful but not religious. Some might even be pursuing advanced degrees in Christian studies. Why do they not join an institutional church then? Have they experienced trauma in institutional churches, and how do they process such issues? What do they hope for spiritually? Is there something in Christianity that cannot be replaced by secular spirituality which leads them to still claim to be Christians? In this article, I explore the experiences of dechurched Hong Kong Christians through archival and qualitative study, a method that foregrounds the often contradictory, complicated lived experience of faith, and ask questions about their earnestness and commitment to Christianity outside of the institutional church. I aim to understand the theological and religious perspectives of dechurched Christians and question the role of institutional churches in Hong Kong, discussing the following: (1) mundane trauma as a cause for leaving church, (2) the tendency of contemplative believers to leave church, and (3) the fragility of religious identity. I conclude that the institutional church in Hong Kong, as it is now, needs radical reimagination.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue ‘On the Lapsed’: Comparative Ethnographic Perspectives on ‘Lapsing’ among Christians around the World)
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The Sacred in the Mud: On Downward Transcendence in Religious and Spiritual Experience
by
Yue Wu
Religions 2025, 16(4), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040530 - 18 Apr 2025
Abstract
Although there has been an increasing focus on religious and spiritual experience in literary studies within the context of post-critical and post-secular movements, much of the research is framed around the idea of “upward transcendence” in redemption narratives. This focus tends to overlook
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Although there has been an increasing focus on religious and spiritual experience in literary studies within the context of post-critical and post-secular movements, much of the research is framed around the idea of “upward transcendence” in redemption narratives. This focus tends to overlook the negative aspects of life, such as absurdity, meaninglessness, and existential anxiety. Furthermore, it frequently resonates with capitalist ideals that champion a “seamless existence” while dismissing the unrefined essence of materiality. This article engages in two main tasks: First, it emphasizes the negative dimensions of religious and spiritual experience, drawing on Slavoj Žižek’s interpretation of theological and non-theological literature. Second, it expands the definition and scope of religious and spiritual experience, proposing an alternative paradigm based on absurdity and meaninglessness. This paradigm, “downward transcendence,” rejects the redemptive promise of “ascension” and redefines the sacred by engaging with the disruptive and unsettling fabric of existence, reconstructing the coordinates of the sacred within the fissures of reality. Through the case study of Sartre’s Nausea, the article explores how existential absurdity and meaninglessness can reconfigure the sacred, particularly through marginality and the transformative potential of negative experiences. It ultimately proposes downward transcendence as a radical reimagining of spiritual and existential freedom.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imagining Ultimacy: Religious and Spiritual Experience in Literature)
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Ecclesiastical Adaptation and Reformation: The Evolution of Dutch Reformed Urban Church Architecture in Sri Lanka (1658–1796)
by
Sagara Jayasinghe
Religions 2025, 16(4), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040529 - 18 Apr 2025
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Sri Lanka, then known as Ceylon, was ruled by three Euro-Christian colonisers for over 450 years. Alongside their pursuit of trade and wealth, these colonial powers—the Portuguese (1505–1658), Dutch (1658–1796), and British (1796–1948)—sought to establish their distinct forms of Christianity: Catholicism by the
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Sri Lanka, then known as Ceylon, was ruled by three Euro-Christian colonisers for over 450 years. Alongside their pursuit of trade and wealth, these colonial powers—the Portuguese (1505–1658), Dutch (1658–1796), and British (1796–1948)—sought to establish their distinct forms of Christianity: Catholicism by the Portuguese, Reformation by the Dutch, and Anglicanism and other Protestant denominations by the British. The missionary strategies and religious policies of these European colonisers varied significantly. Unlike Catholicism, which closely aligned with the external rituals of local religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism, the Dutch Reformed religion emphasised Christian doctrine and biblical scripture, distinguishing itself in its liturgy, art, and architecture. This paper examines the origins and development of Dutch Reformed urban church architecture in Sri Lanka through archival, cartographical, and morphological research, complemented by an architectural survey of the surviving Dutch Reformed churches. The study reveals that the Dutch initially repurposed several Portuguese churches for Reformed worship, and later, they introduced the “Meeting House” typology, aligning with Reformed ecclesiastical and liturgical principles. Over time, this evolved into larger “Greek Cross Plan” churches, a trend that continued until the rise of Anglicanism.
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In Pursuit of Legitimacy: The Muslim Brotherhood’s Discourse on Democracy and Human Rights in Post-2013 Egypt
by
Bosmat Yefet
Religions 2025, 16(4), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040528 - 18 Apr 2025
Abstract
This article examines the Muslim Brotherhood’s strategic framing of democracy and human rights in Egypt following the 2013 military coup, contributing to scholarship on the movement’s adaptation to repression and political exclusion. Employing framing analysis, this study analyzes official statements from Ikhwanonline from
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This article examines the Muslim Brotherhood’s strategic framing of democracy and human rights in Egypt following the 2013 military coup, contributing to scholarship on the movement’s adaptation to repression and political exclusion. Employing framing analysis, this study analyzes official statements from Ikhwanonline from 2015 to 2024, when the old guard regained control over the organization’s messaging, in order to explore how the movement operated to reclaim political legitimacy amid repression, exile, and internal fragmentation. The findings indicate that despite the failure of its strategic commitment to democracy as a pathway to political dominance—culminating in its ousting—the old guard continues to espouse this framework. The movement frames its predicament and struggle as part of the Egyptian people’s broader fight against oppression and authoritarianism. This rhetorical continuity persists despite internal divisions and reformist calls for a more proactive approach, highlighting the movement’s reliance on established discursive strategies not only to confront regime repression but also to avoid engaging with questions of institutional reform.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transitions of Islam and Democracy: Thinking Political Theology)
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Catalan Sigillography and Beyond: Iconic Behaviors in Medieval Breaking Seals
by
Alfons Puigarnau
Religions 2025, 16(4), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040527 - 17 Apr 2025
Abstract
The author analyzes various cases of breaking seal matrices in medieval Catalonia and other regions in this text. The manuscript notes of the Catalan sigillographer Ferran de Sagarra guide the exploration of the mechanisms of signification associated with an essential medieval political theology.
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The author analyzes various cases of breaking seal matrices in medieval Catalonia and other regions in this text. The manuscript notes of the Catalan sigillographer Ferran de Sagarra guide the exploration of the mechanisms of signification associated with an essential medieval political theology. Beyond the materiality of the sigillary matrix and the printed seal, one can decipher a series of iconic behaviors that allow the author to propose a method for understanding European cultural history through anachronistic narrative forms akin to those of Aby Warburg, Walter Benjamin, or, more recently, Georges Didi-Huberman. It is possible to demonstrate the historical validity of seals in the service of a cultural history and thought that transcends political or religious narratives, opening new horizons in the understanding of the Latin West from the Carolingian period to the apex of international Gothic.
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(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Humanities/Philosophies)
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Praying with Animals, Plants, Soil, Land, and Water: The Theology of Creation in Cláudio Carvalhaes’ Liturgical-Political Theology
by
Mark S. Medley
Religions 2025, 16(4), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040526 - 17 Apr 2025
Abstract
This paper delineates the theology of creation in Brazilian theologian Cláudio Carvalhaes’ eco-liturgical theology of liberation. Reorienting lex orandi-lex credendi-lex vivendi by his liturgical methodological innovation lex naturae, he envisions every dimension of worship as deeply connected to a planet in crisis.
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This paper delineates the theology of creation in Brazilian theologian Cláudio Carvalhaes’ eco-liturgical theology of liberation. Reorienting lex orandi-lex credendi-lex vivendi by his liturgical methodological innovation lex naturae, he envisions every dimension of worship as deeply connected to a planet in crisis. Lex naturae transforms liturgical spaces into creational–political spaces which invoke and evoke people to deeply attend to, to cry with, to wonder with, and to pray and sing with the forests, animals, soil, water, and all earthly beings. Celebrating a creational solidarity and wisdom, lex naturae ritualizes that people are the earth, the earth is in people, and human and more-than-human beings belong to each other. Using the seven petitions of his “The Ecological Lord’s Prayer”, Carvalhaes’ theology of creation, which reimagines the Divine, the earth, and the human in a multispecies context via the (re)orienting ground of lex naturae, is “unearthed.” His theology of creation centers the creaturely commonality with more-than-human neighbors and challenges human beings to live, love, and flourish within all the entanglements of created life. Lex naturae is also a form of asceticism which aims to recalibrate the human focus towards environmental justice for the planet. It aims at changing human desire to turn away from the brutalism of colonialism’s ecocide and toward wholesome relations with animals, plants, soil, land, and water. In the end, this paper claims that Carvalhaes’ theology of creation affirms a “godly animism”.
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Towards a Public Theology of Menopause
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Emma L. Pavey
Religions 2025, 16(4), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040525 - 17 Apr 2025
Abstract
In this article, I explore the power and purpose of a public theology of menopause. I approach this both by focusing on menopause as a pivotal transition in the lives of women (and others who menstruate), and recognising how profoundly menopause intersects with
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In this article, I explore the power and purpose of a public theology of menopause. I approach this both by focusing on menopause as a pivotal transition in the lives of women (and others who menstruate), and recognising how profoundly menopause intersects with all our lives, the life of the planet, and the relationships between us all. This is, therefore, a public theology of menopause in the broad sense of a practiced faith that looks both inward and outward, to family, community, friend and stranger, online and offline, and that takes account of forces such as globalisation and capitalism and what this implies for our position and action. As an approach to a public theology of menopause, I propose inter-theological and interdisciplinary connections with peri/menopause and survey a range of areas foundational to the lived experience such as nature and medicine; control and power; disorientation and rage; and the centrality of culture, community and ritual. I draw on global sources and an awareness of our embeddedness in a globalised, capitalist world in ecological crisis to support a public-facing theology of menopause characterised by a concern for dignity, connection and justice.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith in Action: Examining the Power and Purpose of a Public Theology in Contemporary Society)
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Healing and the Spiritual Dimension in Hospital Patient Care in Italy
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Denise Lombardi and Alessandro Gusman
Religions 2025, 16(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040524 - 17 Apr 2025
Abstract
This article is based on a research project carried out in 2019 and 2022 in two hospitals in Turin, Italy (hospitals: Le Molinette and Cottolengo). The project aimed to understand the tools available to caregivers to recognize and address the spiritual needs of
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This article is based on a research project carried out in 2019 and 2022 in two hospitals in Turin, Italy (hospitals: Le Molinette and Cottolengo). The project aimed to understand the tools available to caregivers to recognize and address the spiritual needs of patients in the hospital setting. The authors conducted multiple semi-structured interviews and focus groups with nurses working in the two hospitals. It was found that religious and spiritual aspects are mainly considered in the context of certain factual aspects of care (e.g., dietary prescriptions) or in the end-of-life in palliative care. A complicated framework emerges from the interviews, as the spiritual aspects of care are considered by nurses as essential for a good therapeutic relationship, but at the same time are not institutionalized within the nursing profession. The emergence of a need such as spiritual care, further challenged by the pandemic, thus becomes a means of analyzing hospital care as a specific relational sphere, where a neglected aspect is highlighted, namely, the care of the spirituality of the carers, which is constantly solicited. It is through the treatment of this second aspect of the illness that the dimension of giving and counter-giving occurs in the patient–nurse relationship.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religion, Spirituality and Medicine: Insights into Contemporary Perspectives)
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