Kinetic Analysis of 4-Nitrophenol Reduction by “Water-Soluble” Palladium Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Analysis
2.3. Spectrophotometer (UV–vis) Analysis
2.4. Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol
3. Kinetics Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Using Pd NPs
4.2. Influence of Temperature (Derivation of Thermodynamic Parameters)
4.3. Effects of Surface Area and Concentration of Reagents
4.4. Influence of Reagent Concentration (Derivation of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood Parameters)
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BH4− | Eaapp (kJ·mol−1) | A | ΔH‡ (kJ·mol−1) | ΔS‡ (J·mol−1·K−1) | ΔG‡ (kJ·mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
150 eq | 81.22 | 1.46 × 1011 | 78.68 | −39.57 | 90.47 |
200 eq | 112.77 | 7.13 × 1016 | 110.22 | 69.36 | 89.56 |
a (m−1) | β (m/s) | δ (nm) | kappa (×10−3 s−1) | DaII a (×10−4) | kappb (×10−3 s−1) | DaII b (×10−4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4613.1 | 0.077 | 9.045 | 34.05 | 0.965 | 10.23 | 0.290 |
1858.5 | 0.077 | 9.045 | 24.50 | 1.723 | 4.22 | 0.297 |
929.3 | 0.077 | 9.045 | 17.62 | 2.478 | 0.95 | 0.134 |
371.7 | 0.077 | 9.045 | 0.55 | 5.453 | 0.02 | 0.221 |
T (K) | k (mol/m2·s) | K4-Nip (L/mol) | KBH4− (L/mol) |
---|---|---|---|
317 | 0.02 | 8900 | 2.45 |
307 | 0.0115 | 6300 | 2.34 |
303 | 0.0083 | 5200 | 2.3 |
301 | 0.007 | 4800 | 2.28 |
300 | 0.006 | 4600 | 2.27 |
297.8 | 0.005 | 4200 | 2.25 |
296.3 | 0.0037 | 3900 | 2.235 |
K4-Nip | KBH4− | |
---|---|---|
ΔHad [kJ/mol] | 30.87 | 3.31 |
ΔSad [J/mol K] | 173 | 17.8 |
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Iben Ayad, A.; Luart, D.; Ould Dris, A.; Guénin, E. Kinetic Analysis of 4-Nitrophenol Reduction by “Water-Soluble” Palladium Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061169
Iben Ayad A, Luart D, Ould Dris A, Guénin E. Kinetic Analysis of 4-Nitrophenol Reduction by “Water-Soluble” Palladium Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(6):1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061169
Chicago/Turabian StyleIben Ayad, Anas, Denis Luart, Aissa Ould Dris, and Erwann Guénin. 2020. "Kinetic Analysis of 4-Nitrophenol Reduction by “Water-Soluble” Palladium Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 10, no. 6: 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061169