A Preparation Method of Nano-Pesticide Improves the Selective Toxicity toward Natural Enemies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemical Reagents
2.2. SPc Synthesis and Preparation of CNAP/SPc Complex
2.3. Loading Capacity Measurement
2.4. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) Assay
2.5. Particle Size Measurement and Complex Morphology Characterization
2.6. Bioassay of SPc-Loaded CNAP toward WFTs
2.7. Bioassy of SPc-Loaded CNAP toward Orius sauteri
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. SPc Synthesis and Its Loading Capacity
3.2. Interaction of CNAP with SPc
3.3. Characterization of CNAP/SPc Complex
3.4. Toxicity of CNAP/SPc Complex against WFTs
3.5. Selective Toxicity of CNAP/SPc Complex against O. sauteri
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number | Weight of Applied CNAP (mg) | Weight of Applied SPc (mg) | Weight of CNAP-Loaded Complex (mg) | Weight of CNAP Loaded in Complex (mg) | Pesticide Loading Content (%) | Average Pesticide Loading Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 13.5 | 3.5 | 25.93 | 24.79 ± 0.87 |
2 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 3.0 | 23.08 | |
3 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 13.4 | 3.4 | 25.37 |
Formulation | Sample Number | Mass Ratio | Polydispersity | Size (nm) | Average Size (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNAP | 1 | - | 0.211 | 789.71 | 807.86 ± 49.34 |
2 | 0.230 | 900.94 | |||
3 | 0.286 | 732.94 | |||
CNAP/SPc complex | 1 | 1:1 | 0.290 | 335.94 | 298.92 ± 50.79 |
2 | 0.153 | 198.49 | |||
3 | 0.238 | 362.34 | |||
1 | 1:3.03 | 0.251 | 251.45 | 289.01 ± 24.40 | |
2 | 0.242 | 280.83 | |||
3 | 0.235 | 334.76 | |||
F2,6 = 47,094, p < 0.001 |
Formulation | LC50 (mg/L) (95% Confidence Limits) | Slope ± SE | χ2(df) a | Efficiency Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
CNAP | 98.695 (74.040–146.350) | 0.968 ± 0.141 | 15.480 (48) | 1.837 |
CNAP/SPc complex | 53.714 (42.517–68.443) | 1.146 ± 0.142 | 19.357 (48) |
Formulation | LC50 (mg/L) (95% Confidence Limits) | Slope ± SE | χ2(df) a | Efficiency Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
CNAP | 229.662 (155.278–437.831) | 1.012 ± 0.153 | 13.736 (48) | 1.324 |
CNAP/SPc complex | 173.437 (119.378–319.255) | 0.918 ± 0.145 | 15.978 (48) |
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Yan, S.; Gu, N.; Peng, M.; Jiang, Q.; Liu, E.; Li, Z.; Yin, M.; Shen, J.; Du, X.; Dong, M. A Preparation Method of Nano-Pesticide Improves the Selective Toxicity toward Natural Enemies. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142419
Yan S, Gu N, Peng M, Jiang Q, Liu E, Li Z, Yin M, Shen J, Du X, Dong M. A Preparation Method of Nano-Pesticide Improves the Selective Toxicity toward Natural Enemies. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(14):2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142419
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Shuo, Na Gu, Min Peng, Qinhong Jiang, Enliang Liu, Zhiqiang Li, Meizhen Yin, Jie Shen, Xiangge Du, and Min Dong. 2022. "A Preparation Method of Nano-Pesticide Improves the Selective Toxicity toward Natural Enemies" Nanomaterials 12, no. 14: 2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142419