Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Nanohorns in Bone Tissues
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sterilization of CNMs
2.2. Preparation of Highly Dispersed CNMs
2.3. Cell Cultures
2.4. Cell Viability Evaluation of CNMs in OCs and OBs
2.5. Evaluation of CNM Uptake in OCs and OBs
2.6. Subcellular Localization of CNMs in OCs and OBs
2.7. Effect of CNMs on TRAP/ALP Activity
2.8. Effects of CNMs on the Gene Expression of OCs and OBs
2.9. Assessment of the Effects of Calcification on OBs on CNMs
2.10. Evaluation of Intracellular Uptake of CNMs in OBs under Calcified Conditions
2.11. Evaluation of Bone Regeneration in Rat Tibia
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of CNMs on Cell Viability of OCs and OBs
3.2. Intracellular Uptake of CNMs in OCs and OBs
3.3. Effect of CNHs on TRAP/ALP Activity of OCs and OBs
3.4. Effect of CNHs on Differentiation-Related Genes of OCs and OBs and Cytokine Genes
3.5. Effect of CNHs on OBs under Calcified Conditions
3.6. Effect of CNMs on Bone Regeneration in Rat Tibia
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Rheological Size (nm) | Zeta Potential (mV) |
---|---|---|
CNHs | 164.7 ± 54.0 | −9.9 ± 1.6 |
CBs | 220.2 ± 90.5 | −10.8 ± 1.1 |
Takara Bio Primer_Set ID | Symbol | Name |
---|---|---|
MA050371 | Gapdh | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
MA125620 | Acp5 | Acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant (ACP5) |
MA115288 | Ctsk | Cathepsin K |
MA176482 | IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
MA144435 | Runx2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2 |
MA147894 | Sp7 | Sp7 transcription factor (Osterix) |
CH000874 | Bglap | Bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (Osteocalcin) |
MA127137 | Alpl | Alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated |
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Ueda, K.; Ma, C.; Izumiya, M.; Kuroda, C.; Ishida, H.; Uemura, T.; Saito, N.; Aoki, K.; Haniu, H. Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Nanohorns in Bone Tissues. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020244
Ueda K, Ma C, Izumiya M, Kuroda C, Ishida H, Uemura T, Saito N, Aoki K, Haniu H. Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Nanohorns in Bone Tissues. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(2):244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020244
Chicago/Turabian StyleUeda, Katsuya, Chuang Ma, Makoto Izumiya, Chika Kuroda, Haruka Ishida, Takeshi Uemura, Naoto Saito, Kaoru Aoki, and Hisao Haniu. 2023. "Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Nanohorns in Bone Tissues" Nanomaterials 13, no. 2: 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020244