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Nanomaterials
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Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine
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Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 9119

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hisao Haniu

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Guest Editor
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
Interests: bone regeneration; nerve regeneration; safety and toxicity assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The bone matrix of living organisms is composed of a number of nanobiomaterials. As the crystal nuclei of hydroxyapatite, type I collagen (1.5 nm in diameter) and matrix vesicles (30–300 nm in diameter) are the main players in bone matrix. At present, research and development on nanomaterials and nanoscale processing technologies for bone regenerative medicine are being actively pursued. Numerous reports have surfaced on the promotion of bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption by surface-modified and chemically loaded nanoparticles as well as on the promotion of bone regeneration by nanosized surface processing and 3D processed scaffolds.

This Special Issue covers not only the current research on nanomaterials for bone regeneration, but also the use of nanolevel processing techniques in bone regenerative medicine. As I have noticed several novel biological evaluation methods among papers related to bone regeneration submitted to this journal, I also encourage more such proposals on biological evaluation methods for bone regeneration.

Dr. Hisao Haniu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • bone regeneration
  • regenerative medicine
  • nanobiomaterials
  • implants
  • scaffolds
  • drug delivery system
  • biological evaluation method

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 13542 KiB  
Article
Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Nanohorns in Bone Tissues
by Katsuya Ueda, Chuang Ma, Makoto Izumiya, Chika Kuroda, Haruka Ishida, Takeshi Uemura, Naoto Saito, Kaoru Aoki and Hisao Haniu
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020244 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1634
Abstract
With the advent of nanotechnology, the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery system (DDS) has attracted great interest. We aimed to apply carbon nanohorns (CNHs) as DDS in the development of new treatments for bone diseases. We evaluated the in vitro and in [...] Read more.
With the advent of nanotechnology, the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery system (DDS) has attracted great interest. We aimed to apply carbon nanohorns (CNHs) as DDS in the development of new treatments for bone diseases. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo cellular responses of CNHs in bone-related cells compared with carbon blacks (CBs), which are similar in particle size but differ in surface and structural morphologies. Although in vitro experiments revealed that both CNHs and CBs were incorporated into the lysosomes of RAW264-induced osteoclast-like cells (OCs) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells (OBs), no severe cytotoxicity was observed. CNHs reduced the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and expression of the differentiation marker genes in OCs at noncytotoxic concentrations, whereas the alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiation of OBs increased. Under calcification of OBs, CNHs increased the number of calcified nodules and were intra- and extracellularly incorporated into calcified vesicles to form crystal nuclei. The in vivo experiments showed significant promotion of bone regeneration in the CNH group alone, with localized CNHs being found in the bone matrix and lacunae. The suppression of OCs and promotion of OBs suggested that CNHs may be effective against bone diseases and could be applied as DDS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine)
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11 pages, 3172 KiB  
Article
Identification of a Novel Osteogenetic Oligodeoxynucleotide (osteoDN) That Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in a TLR9-Independent Manner
by Yuma Nihashi, Mana Miyoshi, Koji Umezawa, Takeshi Shimosato and Tomohide Takaya
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1680; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101680 - 14 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2576
Abstract
Dysfunction of bone-forming cells, osteoblasts, is one of the causes of osteoporosis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) designed from genome sequences have the potential to regulate osteogenic cell fate. Such osteogenetic ODNs (osteoDNs) targeting and activating osteoblasts can be the candidates [...] Read more.
Dysfunction of bone-forming cells, osteoblasts, is one of the causes of osteoporosis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) designed from genome sequences have the potential to regulate osteogenic cell fate. Such osteogenetic ODNs (osteoDNs) targeting and activating osteoblasts can be the candidates of nucleic acid drugs for osteoporosis. In this study, the ODN library derived from the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG genome was screened to determine its osteogenetic effect on murine osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. An 18-base ODN, iSN40, was identified to enhance alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts within 48 h. iSN40 also induced the expression of osteogenic genes such as Msx2, osterix, collagen type 1α, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Eventually, iSN40 facilitated calcium deposition on osteoblasts at the late stage of differentiation. Intriguingly, the CpG motif within iSN40 was not required for its osteogenetic activity, indicating that iSN40 functions in a TLR9-independent manner. These data demonstrate that iSN40 serves as a novel osteogenetic ODN (osteoDN) that promotes osteoblast differentiation. iSN40 provides a potential seed of the nucleic acid drug that activating osteoblasts for osteoporosis therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine)
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Review

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20 pages, 2001 KiB  
Review
Application of Piezoelectric Material and Devices in Bone Regeneration
by Chunyu Yang, Jianying Ji, Yujia Lv, Zhou Li and Dan Luo
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(24), 4386; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244386 - 9 Dec 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4718
Abstract
Bone injuries are common in clinical practice. Given the clear disadvantages of autologous bone grafting, more efficient and safer bone grafts need to be developed. Bone is a multidirectional and anisotropic piezoelectric material that exhibits an electrical microenvironment; therefore, electrical signals play a [...] Read more.
Bone injuries are common in clinical practice. Given the clear disadvantages of autologous bone grafting, more efficient and safer bone grafts need to be developed. Bone is a multidirectional and anisotropic piezoelectric material that exhibits an electrical microenvironment; therefore, electrical signals play a very important role in the process of bone repair, which can effectively promote osteoblast differentiation, migration, and bone regeneration. Piezoelectric materials can generate electricity under mechanical stress without requiring an external power supply; therefore, using it as a bone implant capable of harnessing the body’s kinetic energy to generate the electrical signals needed for bone growth is very promising for bone regeneration. At the same time, devices composed of piezoelectric material using electromechanical conversion technology can effectively monitor the structural health of bone, which facilitates the adjustment of the treatment plan at any time. In this paper, the mechanism and classification of piezoelectric materials and their applications in the cell, tissue, sensing, and repair indicator monitoring aspects in the process of bone regeneration are systematically reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine)
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19 pages, 2098 KiB  
Review
Current Methods in the Study of Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration
by Manabu Tanaka, Makoto Izumiya, Hisao Haniu, Katsuya Ueda, Chuang Ma, Koki Ueshiba, Hirokazu Ideta, Atsushi Sobajima, Shigeharu Uchiyama, Jun Takahashi and Naoto Saito
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071195 - 2 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2796
Abstract
Nanomaterials show great promise as bone regeneration materials. They can be used as fillers to strengthen bone regeneration scaffolds, or employed in their natural form as carriers for drug delivery systems. A variety of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the osteogenic potential [...] Read more.
Nanomaterials show great promise as bone regeneration materials. They can be used as fillers to strengthen bone regeneration scaffolds, or employed in their natural form as carriers for drug delivery systems. A variety of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the osteogenic potential of bone regeneration materials. In vivo, such materials are commonly tested in animal bone defect models to assess their bone regeneration potential. From an ethical standpoint, however, animal experiments should be minimized. A standardized in vitro strategy for this purpose is desirable, but at present, the results of studies conducted under a wide variety of conditions have all been evaluated equally. This review will first briefly introduce several bone regeneration reports on nanomaterials and the nanosize-derived caveats of evaluations in such studies. Then, experimental techniques (in vivo and in vitro), types of cells, culture media, fetal bovine serum, and additives will be described, with specific examples of the risks of various culture conditions leading to erroneous conclusions in biomaterial analysis. We hope that this review will create a better understanding of the evaluation of biomaterials, including nanomaterials for bone regeneration, and lead to the development of versatile assessment methods that can be widely used in biomaterial development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine)
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24 pages, 4319 KiB  
Review
Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review
by Katayoon Kalantari, Bahram Saleh and Thomas J. Webster
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030748 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3176
Abstract
Metallic materials are widely used for fabricating medical implants due to their high specific strength, biocompatibility, good corrosion properties, and fatigue resistance. Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, as well as stainless steel (SS), have attracted attention from researchers because of their biocompatibility [...] Read more.
Metallic materials are widely used for fabricating medical implants due to their high specific strength, biocompatibility, good corrosion properties, and fatigue resistance. Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, as well as stainless steel (SS), have attracted attention from researchers because of their biocompatibility properties within the human body; however, improvements in mechanical properties while keeping other beneficial properties unchanged are still required. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a unique process for fabricating an ultra-fine-grained (UFG) metal with micrometer- to nanometer-level grain structures. SPD methods can substantially refine grain size and represent a promising strategy for improving biological functionality and mechanical properties. This present review paper provides an overview of different SPD techniques developed to create nano-/ultra-fine-grain-structured Ti and stainless steel for improved biomedical implant applications. Furthermore, studies will be covered that have used SPD techniques to improve bone cell proliferation and function while decreasing bacterial colonization when cultured on such nano-grained metals (without resorting to antibiotic use). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Evaluation Method of Nanomaterial in Bone Regenerative Medicine)
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