Biological Effects of Green Synthesized Al-ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze on Living Organisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Anisomeles Indica Leaf Extracts
2.3. Green Synthesis of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles
2.4. Characterization of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles
2.5. Microbial Assay
2.5.1. Test Microorganisms
2.5.2. Zone of Inhibition Assay
2.5.3. Evaluated Methods
2.5.4. Agar Diffusion Well Variant
2.6. Antioxidant Studies of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles
2.6.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay
2.6.2. Determination of IC50 Value
2.6.3. MTT Assay
2.7. In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Activity of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles
2.7.1. α-Amylase Inhibition Assay
2.7.2. α-Glycosidase Inhibition Assay
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Studies of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles Using Anisomeles indica (L.) Leaf Extract
3.1.1. XRD Analysis
3.1.2. UV–Vis Studies
3.1.3. FTIR Analysis
3.1.4. Morphological Studies
3.2. Biological Studies of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles
3.2.1. Antibacterial Activity
3.2.2. Antifungal Activity
3.2.3. Antioxidant Studies
3.2.4. Anticancer Studies
3.3. Anti-Diabetic Studies of Al-ZnO Nanoparticles
3.3.1. α-Amylase Activity
3.3.2. α-Glucosidase Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of the Organisms | Zone of Inhibition (mm-cm) | Positive Control | |
---|---|---|---|
5 mg/mL | 10 mg/mL | ||
K. pneumonea | 1.64 ± 0.21 | 2.45 ± 0.01 | 4.63 ± 0.11 |
E. coli | 3.17 ± 0.02 | 4.01 ± 0.02 | 2.10 ± 0.01 |
V. cholera | 2.00 ± 0.45 | 4.40 ± 0.02 | - |
B. subtilis | 1.62 ± 0.21 | 2.32 ± 0.02 | 3.25 ± 0.91 |
S. aureus | 1.92 ± 0.25 | 2.74 ± 0.05 | - |
S. mutans | 3.00 ± 0.06 | 5.74 ± 0.07 | 4.22 ± 0.03 |
Name of the Organisms | Zone of Inhibition (mm-cm) | Positive Control | |
---|---|---|---|
5 mg/mL | 10 mg/mL | ||
Aspergillus flavus | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 1.89 ± 0.01 | 2.00 ± 0.10 |
Candida albicans | - | - | 3.22 ± 0.15 |
S. No | Concentration (mg/mL) | IC50 Value (µM) |
---|---|---|
1. | 0.2 | 18.00 ± 0.10 |
2. | 0.4 | 20.13 ± 0.37 |
3. | 0.6 | 24.11 ± 0.71 |
4. | 0.8 | 30.72 ± 1.52 |
5. | 1.0 | 41.58 ± 1.23 |
6. | IC50 value mg/mL | 23.52 ± 0.03 |
S. No | Concentration (mg/mL) | IC50 Value (µM) | Inhibition (%) | IC50 mg/mL |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 1.0 | 0.411 ± 0.02 | 32.65 | 23.61 |
2. | 2.5 | 0.155 ± 0.02 | 59.65 | |
3. | 5.0 | 0.226 ± 0.03 | 70.76 | |
4. | 10.0 | 0.213 ± 0.03 | 80.39 |
Concentration (mg/mL) | Absorbant Value of α-Amylase | Absorbant Value of α-Glucosidase | Average | Enzyme Activity (mg/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-Amylase | α-Glucosidase | ||||
0.2 | 18.65 | 19.07 | 18.86 ± 0.40 | 36.38 | 13.70 |
0.4 | 20.13 | 20.28 | 20.25 ± 0.20 | 39.06 | 18.72 |
0.6 | 24.11 | 23.11 | 23.61 ± 0.71 | 45.55 | 21.07 |
0.8 | 30.72 | 31.08 | 30.90 ± 0.28 | 59.61 | 28.98 |
1.0 | 39.58 | 38.64 | 39.11 ± 0.37 | 75.45 | 34.98 |
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Sugitha, S.K.J.; Latha, R.G.; Venkatesan, R.; Vetcher, A.A.; Ali, N.; Kim, S.-C. Biological Effects of Green Synthesized Al-ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze on Living Organisms. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171407
Sugitha SKJ, Latha RG, Venkatesan R, Vetcher AA, Ali N, Kim S-C. Biological Effects of Green Synthesized Al-ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze on Living Organisms. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(17):1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171407
Chicago/Turabian StyleSugitha, S. K. Johnsy, R. Gladis Latha, Raja Venkatesan, Alexandre A. Vetcher, Nemat Ali, and Seong-Cheol Kim. 2024. "Biological Effects of Green Synthesized Al-ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze on Living Organisms" Nanomaterials 14, no. 17: 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171407