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Biosensors
Volume 10
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10.3390/bios10090123
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Article

Screen-Printed Sensor for Low-Cost Chloride Analysis in Sweat for Rapid Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis

by
Alicia Hauke
1,*,
Susanne Oertel
1,
Leona Knoke
2,
Vanessa Fein
2,
Christoph Maier
2,
Folke Brinkmann
2,† and
Michael P. M. Jank
1,†
1
Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
2
Department of Paediatric Pneumology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this publication.
Biosensors 2020, 10(9), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10090123
Submission received: 31 July 2020 / Revised: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 / Published: 11 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dedication to Professor Agustín Costa-García: Screen-Printed Electrodes-Based (Bio)sensors: Development and New Challenges of the 21st Century)
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Abstract

Analysis of sweat chloride levels in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is essential not only for diagnosis but also for the monitoring of therapeutic responses to new drugs, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and potentiators. Using iontophoresis as the gold standard can cause complications like burns, is uncomfortable, and requires repetitive hospital visits, which can be particularly problematic during a pandemic, where distancing and hygiene requirements are increased; therefore, it is necessary to develop fast and simple measures for the diagnosis and monitoring of CF. A screen-printed, low-cost chloride sensor was developed to remotely monitor CF patients. Using potentiometric measurements, the performance of the sensor was tested. It showed good sensitivity and a detection limit of 2.7 × 10−5 mol/L, which covered more than the complete concentration range of interest for CF diagnosis. Due to its fast response of 30 s, it competes well with standard sensor systems. It also offers significantly reduced costs and can be used as a portable device. The analysis of real sweat samples from healthy subjects, as well as CF patients, demonstrates a proper distinction using the screen-printed sensor. This approach presents an attractive remote measurement alternative for fast, simple, and low-cost CF diagnosis and monitoring
Keywords: screen-printed sensor; sweat analysis; ion-selective electrode; chloride; cystic fibrosis screen-printed sensor; sweat analysis; ion-selective electrode; chloride; cystic fibrosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hauke, A.; Oertel, S.; Knoke, L.; Fein, V.; Maier, C.; Brinkmann, F.; Jank, M.P.M. Screen-Printed Sensor for Low-Cost Chloride Analysis in Sweat for Rapid Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis. Biosensors 2020, 10, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10090123

AMA Style

Hauke A, Oertel S, Knoke L, Fein V, Maier C, Brinkmann F, Jank MPM. Screen-Printed Sensor for Low-Cost Chloride Analysis in Sweat for Rapid Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis. Biosensors. 2020; 10(9):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10090123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hauke, Alicia, Susanne Oertel, Leona Knoke, Vanessa Fein, Christoph Maier, Folke Brinkmann, and Michael P. M. Jank. 2020. "Screen-Printed Sensor for Low-Cost Chloride Analysis in Sweat for Rapid Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis" Biosensors 10, no. 9: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10090123

APA Style

Hauke, A., Oertel, S., Knoke, L., Fein, V., Maier, C., Brinkmann, F., & Jank, M. P. M. (2020). Screen-Printed Sensor for Low-Cost Chloride Analysis in Sweat for Rapid Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis. Biosensors, 10(9), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10090123

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