Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Electroanalytical Methods
2.1. Amperometry
2.2. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
2.3. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
3. Electrodes and Microelectrodes
4. General Overview of Modification Materials for Dopamine Electrochemical Sensing
4.1. Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
4.1.1. Metal Nanostructures
Active Layer | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Au nanostructures (spikes) | 1–100 µM | 5 µM | [59] |
Au nanostructures | 1–10 µM | 0.57 µM | [60] |
Au nanostructures (cones) | 1–43 µM | 0.184 µM | [61] |
Au nanopillars | 1–100 µM | 5.83 µM | [62] |
Au nanopyramids | 10 nm–500 µM | 0.5 nM | [63] |
Pd NPs | 0.5–160 µM | 0.2 µM | [65] |
Au–Pt nanoflowers | 0.5 µM–0.18 mM | 0.11 µM | [66] |
Au–Pt NPs | 1 µM–1 mM | 6 nM | [67] |
Au nanostars—dopamine aptamer | 1–100 ng/L | 0.29 ng/L | [68] |
Au nanostructures—dopamine aptamer | 25 ng/L–3 µg/L | 2 ng/L | [69] |
4.1.2. Metal Oxide Nanostructures
4.2. Carbon Materials
4.2.1. Carbon Nanotubes
4.2.2. Graphene
Active Layer | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Graphene | 10 nM–100 µM | 1 nM | [100] |
Graphene | 4–100 μM | 2.6 µM | [101] |
Reduced graphene | 1–80 μM | 0.46 µM | [102] |
PEDOT–Graphene | 1–150 µM | 0.33 µM | [103] |
PPy–Graphene | 0.5–10 µM | 0.1 µM | [104] |
PPy–Graphene oxide | 1–150 µM | 0.02 µM | [105] |
PVP–Graphene | 0.5 pM–1.13 mM | 0.2 nM | [106] |
Fe3O4–Graphene | 0.02–130 μM | 7 nM | [107] |
Ni(OH)2–Graphene | 0.44–3.3 μM | 120 nM | [111] |
Cu2O–Graphene oxide | 0.01–1 µM | 6 nM | [108] |
Zn–NiAl–Graphene oxide | 1 nM–1 µM | 0.1 nM | [112] |
Au NPs–Graphene oxide | 0.1–100 μM | 0.098 μM | [113] |
Ionic liquid–Au NPs-Graphene oxide | 7 nM–5 μM | 2.3 nM | [114] |
Pt NPs–Graphene oxide | 87 nM–100 μM | 5 nM | [116] |
Pt NPs–Graphene oxide (FET) | 1 pM–0.1 µM | 10−4 pM | [115] |
4.3. Polymer Materials
4.3.1. Conducting Polymers
Active Layer | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Polypyrrole | 1–1000 µM | 7 nM | [122] |
Poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) | 0.025–7.5 μM | 2.5 nM | [123] |
Poly(2-naphtol) | 0.6–250 μM | 95 nM | [130] |
poly-4-amino-6-hydroxy–2-mercaptopyrimidine | 2.5–25 μM | 0.2 µM | [124] |
Poly(eriochrome black T) | 0.1–200 μM | 20 nM | [127] |
poly(safranine O) | 0.3–10 µM | 0.05 µM | [128] |
poly(trypan blue) | 1–40 µM | 0.36 µM | [129] |
poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene)–SO3- | 5–100 µM | 0.1 µM | [131] |
PEDOT–ferrocene | 0.01–0.9 mM | 1 µM | [133] |
PANI–Au NPs | 20–100 µM | 16 µM | [135] |
PEDOT–sodium dodecyl sulfate | 0.5–140 µM | 0.39 nM | [134] |
PANI–Au NPs | 10–1700 µM | 5 µM | [136] |
PEDOT–Graphene oxide | 0.1–175 µM | 39 nM | [137] |
PANI–Graphene–aptamer | 0.007–90 nM | 1.98 pM | [138] |
Polypyrrole–Graphene | 0.8–10 µM | 4 nM | [139] |
PEDOT–CNT | 0.1–20 µM | 20 nM | [140] |
Polycystine–CNT | 10–200 µM | 2.8 µM | [141] |
Poly(anilineboronic acid) –CNT | 1–10 nM | 0.0.16 nM | [142] |
PEDOT–nanoceria-MWCNT | 0.1–400 µM | 0.03 µM | [143] |
PEDOT:PSS (FET) | 50 nM–3 µM | 5 nM | [146] |
PEDOT:PSS (FET) | 5–100 µM | 6 µM | [147] |
Carboxylated polypyrrole–CNT–aptamer (FET) | 0.1 nM–10 µM | 100 pM | [149] |
3-carboxylate polypyrrole–Pt NPs | 0.1 pM–1 nM | 0.1 pM | [150] |
cysteamine and 4-formylphenyl boronic acid (FET) | 1 pM–1 mM | 1 pM | [151] |
4.3.2. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Layer | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
FePt–Fe3O4 | 0.1–90 µM | 1 nM | [71] |
NiO | 0.5–5 μM | 85 nM | [72] |
MoS2 | 0.006–181 μM | 2 nM | [73] |
MoS2 | 10 pM–10 µM | 2.3 pM | [74] |
ZnO | 0.1–800 µM | 60 nM | [75] |
Fe3O4 | 2–600 nM | 0.8 nM | [76] |
ZnFe2O4 | 2–600 nM | 0.4 nM | [77] |
Active Layer | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
SWCNT | 1.2–900 µM | 0.57 µM | [86] |
MWCNT | 1.2–800 µM | 0.16 µM | [87] |
Carbonyl–SWCNT | 10–200 nM | 15 nM | [88] |
SDS–SWCNT | 5–100 µM | 20 nM | [89] |
Nafion+poly(3-methylthiophene)-SWCNT | 5–177 μM | 2 µM | [90] |
Ionic liquid–SWCNT | 0.5–30 µM | 0.16 µM | [91] |
Polypyrrole–SWCNT | 0.1–100 µM | 136 pM | [92] |
AgAu–MWCNT | 3 nM–2.3 µM | 0.23 nM | [93] |
Graphene–MWCNT | 5 nM–100 µM | 0.87 nM | [94] |
MoS2–MWCNT | 0.03–1950 µM | 13 nM | [95] |
Active Layer | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Polypyrrole–SiO2 | 2 µM–0.23 mM | 0.9 µM | [159] |
Phenylenediamine–Ni | 0.05–50 pM | 0.017 pM | [160] |
Polypyrrole/phenylenediamine | 50 nM–100 µM | 33 nM | [161] |
Polypyrrole–ZnO | 0.02–800 µM | 1 nM | [162] |
Poly(thioaniline)–Au NPs | 1 nM–5 µM | 33 pM | [163] |
Poly(Aminobenzenethiol)–Au NPs | 0.02–0.74 µM | 7.8 nM | [164] |
Phenylenediamine–Graphene–SO3- | 3–50 µM | 0.7 µM | [165] |
Poly(nitrophenyl acrylate)–ceramic MWCNT | 6.5–550 µM | 1 mM | [166] |
Polypyrrole–CNT | 50 pM–5 µM | 10 pM | [167] |
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Lakard, S.; Pavel, I.-A.; Lakard, B. Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review. Biosensors 2021, 11, 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060179
Lakard S, Pavel I-A, Lakard B. Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review. Biosensors. 2021; 11(6):179. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060179
Chicago/Turabian StyleLakard, Sophie, Ileana-Alexandra Pavel, and Boris Lakard. 2021. "Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review" Biosensors 11, no. 6: 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060179