Tri-Channel Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Combined Detections of Multiple Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Fabrication of Tri-Channel Electrodes
2.3. Functionalization of Immunosensor
2.4. Cell Culture and Isolation of Exosomes
2.4.1. Cell Culture
2.4.2. Extraction of Exosome
2.4.3. Characterization of Exosomes
2.5. Electrochemical Detection
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrochemical Chip
3.2. Characterization of Immunosensor Fabrication Steps
3.3. Experimental Parameters Optimization
3.4. Analytical Performance of the Designed Biosensor
3.4.1. Sensitivity
3.4.2. Selectivity
3.4.3. Storage Stability
3.5. Characterization of Exosome
3.6. Multiplexed Detection of Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer
4. Conclusions
- The utilization of ITO glass instead of precious metals such as gold offers an inexpensive, simple, and sensitive system, which makes it easy to realize small sample amounts and integrated detection when combined with microchannels.
- The proposed immunosensor with optimized parameters can detect exosome markers in a range from 10−3 to 10 ng/mL for CEA, 10−4 to 102 ng/mL for NSE, and 10−3 to 102 ng/mL for Cyfra21-1, with a detection limit below 10−4 ng/mL, which was lower than the conventional ELISA method. The immunosensor is suitable for exosome detection in real samples for practical applications.
- The combined detection of multiple exosome markers has a higher efficiency than a single biomarker of ELISA. The difference in expression level may guide the typing of lung cancer; nevertheless, clinical trials with adequate sample volume are still needed for further validation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fan, C.; Jiang, B.; Shi, W.; Chen, D.; Zhou, M. Tri-Channel Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Combined Detections of Multiple Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. Biosensors 2022, 12, 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070435
Fan C, Jiang B, Shi W, Chen D, Zhou M. Tri-Channel Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Combined Detections of Multiple Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. Biosensors. 2022; 12(7):435. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070435
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Cui, Bingyan Jiang, Wenjia Shi, Dan Chen, and Mingyong Zhou. 2022. "Tri-Channel Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Combined Detections of Multiple Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer" Biosensors 12, no. 7: 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070435