Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area and Sampling
4.2. Escherichia coli Isolation
4.3. Identification of Colonies by MALDI-TOF-MS
4.4. Genes Encoding VF Detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction
4.5. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
4.6. Phenotypic Confirmation of ESBL Production
4.7. ESBL Gene Identification by PCR
4.8. Putative Enteroaggregative Gene Detection by PCR
4.9. Biofilm Formation Assay
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strains | Algerian Area | Virulence Gene 1 | MALDI-TOF Mean Value | bla Gene 2 | AMR 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S13/15 | Oran | astA | 90.0% | None | NA, CIP, AML, SXT, TE, N |
S14/15 | Oran | irp2 | 87.4% | CTX-M-1, TEM | NA, CIP, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S2/15 | Oran | irp2 | 85.1% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S4/15 | Mostaganem | stx2 | 87.5% | None | NA, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N |
S19/15 | Mostaganem | None | 93.0% | CTX-M-1, TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, C, N, CTX |
S12/15 | Mostaganem | aggR, astA, irp2 | 85.8% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S25a/16 | Mostaganem | astA | 88.7% | None | NA, CIP, AUG, TE, N |
S1/16 | Mostaganem | astA, irp2 | 97.7% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S22/15 | Mostaganem | astA, irp2 | 89.4% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S16/15 | Mostaganem | irp2 | 92.6% | None | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N |
S34/16 | Relizane | irp2 | 93.3% | None | NA, CIP, N |
S31/16 | Relizane | None | 91.2% | None | NA, CIP, TE, N |
S33/16 | Relizane | aggR, astA, irp2 | 90.3% | None | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, C, N |
S47/16 | Tiaret | irp2 | 95.2% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S6/15 | Tiaret | None | 96.5% | None | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, TE, N |
S48a/16 | Tiaret | astA | 93.4% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, C, N, CTX |
S19a/16 | Mascara | None | 92.7% | TEM | NA, CIP, AML, AUG, SXT, TE, N, CTX |
S61a/16 | Mascara | None | 95.0% | SHV | NA, AUG, SXT, TE, N |
E. coli ATCC 259222 | 99.9% | AML, AUG |
Strains | aggR | irp2 | astA | TEM | CTX-M-1 | SHV | SBF | Biofilm Grade |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S13/15 | + | 0.81 | M | |||||
S14/15 | + | + | + | 0.16 | N | |||
S2/15 | + | + | 0.26 | N | ||||
S4/15 stx2 | 0.76 | M | ||||||
S19/15 | + | + | 0.20 | N | ||||
S12/15 | + | + | + | + | 0.18 | N | ||
S25a/16 | + | 0.62 | W | |||||
S1/16 | + | + | + | 0.19 | N | |||
S22/15 | + | + | + | 0.29 | N | |||
S16/15 | + | 0.45 | W | |||||
S34/16 | + | 0.52 | W | |||||
S31/16 | 0.84 | M | ||||||
S33/16 | + | + | + | 0.65 | W | |||
S47/16 | + | + | 0.39 | W | ||||
S6/15 | 0.59 | W | ||||||
S48a/16 | + | + | 0.22 | N | ||||
S19a/16 | + | 0.24 | N | |||||
S61a/16 | + | 0.27 | N | |||||
E. coli ATCC 25922 | 0.76 | M |
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Benameur, Q.; Gervasi, T.; Giarratana, F.; Vitale, M.; Anzà, D.; La Camera, E.; Nostro, A.; Cicero, N.; Marino, A. Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101157
Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Giarratana F, Vitale M, Anzà D, La Camera E, Nostro A, Cicero N, Marino A. Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10):1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101157
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenameur, Qada, Teresa Gervasi, Filippo Giarratana, Maria Vitale, Davide Anzà, Erminia La Camera, Antonia Nostro, Nicola Cicero, and Andreana Marino. 2021. "Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria" Antibiotics 10, no. 10: 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101157