Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy as a Tool for the Differentiation between Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Biochemical Characteristics of S. epidermidis SCV Strains
2.2. IR Spectral Features, Peak Assignments and Group Comparison
2.3. Lipid and Protein Alterations between Reference Strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis
2.3.1. Lipid Region
Peak Wavenumber (cm−1) | Structure | Alterations |
---|---|---|
2958.3 | Asymmetric CH3: cholesterol esters, triglycerides | Shift to higher frequency (2958.2 cm−1 in SaW → 2960.2 cm−1 in SaCMu and SCVhMu) |
2927.4 | Asymmetric CH2: long-chain fatty acids, phospholipids | Shift to lower frequency (2927.4 cm−1 in S. aureus → 2923.6 cm−1 in S. epidermidis). Shift to higher frequency (2927.4 cm−1 in SaW → 2929.4 cm−1 in SaCMu and SCVhMu). |
1652.7 | Amide I, α-helix | Shift to lower frequency (1652.7 cm−1 in S. aureus → 1650.7 cm−1 in S. epidermidis) |
1639 | Amide I, β-sheets | Main protein secondary structures in SaCMu and SCVhMu |
1647 | Amide I, random coil | Main protein secondary structures in SaCMu and SCVhMu |
1672 | Amide I, random coil | Main protein secondary structures in SaW |
1743.4 | Lipid-carbonyl | Shift to lower frequency (1743 cm−1 in SaW and SCVhMu → 1736 cm−1 in SaCMu) |
2.3.2. Protein-Carbonyl Region
2.4. Lipid and Protein Alterations in S. aureus SCV Isolates
2.4.1. Lipid Region
2.4.2. Protein-Carbonyl Region
2.5. Lipid and Protein Alterations in S. epidermidis Isolates
2.5.1. Lipid Region
2.5.2. Protein-Carbonyl Region
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Cultures
4.2. Sample Preparation for SR-FTIR Measurements
4.3. Synchrotron–Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) Microscopic Measurements
4.4. SR-FTIR Data Treatment and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Designation | Species and Phenotype | Reference |
---|---|---|
SaW 1 | S. aureus (wild type) | [33] |
SaSCV 1 | S. aureus (natural SCV) | [33] |
SaMu 1 | S. aureus (hemB mutant) | [21] |
SaCMu 1 | S. aureus (complemented mutant) | [21] |
ASa2 | S. aureus (control) ATCC 29213 | |
ASe1 | S. epidermidis (control) ATCC 12228 | |
NSCV | S. epidermidis (natural SCV) | Current work |
ASCV | S. epidermidis (natural SCV) | Current work |
LSCV | S. epidermidis (natural SCV) | Current work |
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Al-Bakri, A.G.; Dahabiyeh, L.A.; Khalil, E.; Jaber, D.; Kamel, G.; Schleimer, N.; Kohler, C.; Becker, K. Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy as a Tool for the Differentiation between Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111607
Al-Bakri AG, Dahabiyeh LA, Khalil E, Jaber D, Kamel G, Schleimer N, Kohler C, Becker K. Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy as a Tool for the Differentiation between Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(11):1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111607
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Bakri, Amal G., Lina A. Dahabiyeh, Enam Khalil, Deema Jaber, Gihan Kamel, Nina Schleimer, Christian Kohler, and Karsten Becker. 2022. "Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy as a Tool for the Differentiation between Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants" Antibiotics 11, no. 11: 1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111607