Antibiotic Resistance in Metal-Tolerant Microorganisms from Treatment Facilities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of the Studied Wastewater Treatment Facilities and Sewage Sludge
2.2. Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Wastewater Treatment Facilities
2.3. Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Sewage Sludge
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TE | Concentration of TE in Sewage Sludge of Different Ages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sewage Sludge | Treatment Facilities | |||||||
Fresh | 1 Months | 6 Months | 1 Year | 5 Years | Secondary Sedimentation Tank (Active Sludge) | Secondary Sedimentation Tank (Water) | Digester (Suspension) | |
Co | 28.6 | 28.8 | 27.9 | 30.4 | 309.0 | not determined | ||
Ni | 66.8 | 33.3 | 72.3 | 50.1 | 69.0 | 0.0041 | 0.0089 | 0.1204 |
Cu | 228.4 | 171.1 | 269.2 | 272.2 | 102.6 | 0.0037 | 0.0056 | 0.0248 |
Zn | 1119.6 | 901.4 | 1791.2 | 1865.8 | 2360.8 | 0.00001 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
Cd | 8.7 | 2.9 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 33.0 | 0.0037 | 0.0053 | 0.0186 |
Pb | 38.0 | 27.1 | 37.4 | 27.6 | 60.0 | 0.0038 | <0.0001 | 0.0050 |
Strain, Tolerance to the Metal(loid) and Origin | Antibiotic | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of β-Lactam Antibiotics | Group of Aminoglycosides | Group of Amphenicols | ||||||||
Subgroup of Cephalosporins | Subgroup of Carbapenems | |||||||||
Cefepime | Ceftazidime | Meropenem | Streptomycin | Kanamycin | Chloramphenicol | |||||
μg/mg | ||||||||||
20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 100 | |
Serratia proteamaculans, (5 mM Ni) from methane tank | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Pseudomonas gessardii, (3 mM Ni) from sludge of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Pseudomonas fragi, (3 mM Cd) from sludge of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Pseudomonas fragi, (3 mM Cd) from water of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Serratia proteamaculans, (5 mM Pb) from sludge of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Pseudomonas fragi, (3 mM Pb) from water of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Pseudomonas brenneri, (3 mM Pb) from water of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Pseudomonas gessardii, (5 mM Zn) from sludge of secondary sedimentation tank | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + |
Pseudomonas gessardii. (5 mM Zn) from water of secondary sedimentation tank | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Klebsiella pneumonia. (3 mM Cu) from sludge of secondary sedimentation tank | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Strain, Tolerance to the Metal(loid) | Subgroup of Penicillins | Subgroup of Cephalosporins | Subgroup of Carbapenems | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampicillin | Penicillin | Carbenicillin | Cefotaxime | Ceftriaxone | Ceftazidime | Meropenem | ||||||||
μg/mg | ||||||||||||||
50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | |
Serratia fonticola SS0-1 (5 mmol Cu, 3 mmol Pb) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + |
Rhodococcus qingshengii SS60-2 (5 mmol Co, 3 mmol Ni, Pb, Cu) | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Rhodococcus qingshengii SS6-3 (5 mmol Ni, 3 mmol Pb, Cu) | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Pseudomonas fragi SS0-4 (3 mmol Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Stenotrophomo-nas maltophilia SS0-5 (3 mmol Zn 3 mmol Cu) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Pseudomonas extremaustralis SS0-6 (5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu, Pb) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Pseudomonas cedrina SS60-7 (5 mmol Zn 3 mmol Cu) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Serratia liquefaciens SS60-8 (5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − |
Serratia fonticola SS0-9 (5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Ni) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SS0-10 (5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Zn) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + |
Serratia fonticola SS12-11 (5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Cu) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Citrobacter freundii SS60-12 (5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Zn) | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Strain, Tolerance to Metal(loids) | Antibiotics | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of Tetracyclines | Group of Aminoglycosides | |||||||||||||||
Tetracycline | Chlortetracycline | Streptomycin | Amikacin | Gentamicin | Neomycin | Novobiocin | Kanamycin | |||||||||
μg/mg | ||||||||||||||||
20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 40 | |
Serratia fonticola SS0-1 5 mmol Cu, 3 mmol Pb | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | − |
Rhodococcus qingshengii SS60-2 5 mmol Co, 3 mmol Ni, Pb, Cu | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Rhodococcus qingshengii SS6-3 5 mmol Ni, 3 mmol Pb, Cu | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Pseudomonas fragi SS0-4 3 mmol Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SS0-5 3 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Pseudomonas extremaustralis SS0-6 5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu, Pb | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Pseudomonas cedrina SS60-7 5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Serratia liquefaciens SS60-8 5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Serratia fonticola SS0-9 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Ni | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SS0-10 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Zn | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Serratia fonticola SS12-11 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Cu | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Citrobacter freundii SS60-12 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Zn | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − |
Strain, Tolerance to Metal(loids) | Antibiotics | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of Diaminopyrimidines | Group of Amphenicols | Group of Ansamycins | ||||
Trimethoprim | Chloramphenicol | Rifampicin | ||||
μg/mg | ||||||
20 | 40 | 25 | 50 | 50 | 100 | |
Serratia fonticola SS0-1 5 mmol Cu, 3 mmol Pb | + | − | + | + | + | + |
Rhodococcus qingshengii SS60-2 5 mmol Co, 3 mmol Ni, Pb, Cu | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Rhodococcus qingshengii SS6-3 5 mmol Ni, 3 mmol Pb, Cu | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Pseudomonas fragi SS0-4 3 mmol Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb | + | − | + | + | − | − |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SS0-5 3 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu | + | + | − | − | + | − |
Pseudomonas extremaustralis SS0-6 5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu, Pb | + | + | + | + | − | − |
Pseudomonas cedrina SS60-7 5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu | + | + | + | + | − | − |
Serratia liquefaciens SS60-8 5 mmol Zn, 3 mmol Cu | + | + | + | + | + | − |
Serratia fonticola SS0-9 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Ni | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SS0-10 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Zn | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Serratia fonticola SS12-11 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Cu | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Citrobacter freundii SS60-12 5 mmol Pb, 3 mmol Zn | + | − | + | − | + | − |
Antibiotic | Concentration in the LB Medium µg/mL | Antibiotic | Concentration in the LB Medium µg/mL |
---|---|---|---|
Amikacin | 20, 40 | Kanamycin | 20, 40 |
Ampicillin | 50, 100 | Meropenem | 20, 40 |
Gentamicin | 20, 40 | Neomycin | 20, 40 |
Carbenicillin | 20, 40 | Novobiocin | 20, 40 |
Cefepime | 20,40 | Penicillin | 50, 100 |
Cefotaxime | 20, 40 | Rifampicin | 50, 100 |
Ceftazidime | 20, 40 | Streptomycin | 50, 100 |
Ceftriaxone | 20, 40 | Tetracycline | 20, 40 |
Chloramphenicol | 25, 50 | Trimethoprim | 20, 40 |
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Perelomov, L.; Sizova, O.; Gertsen, M.; Perelomova, I.; Arlyapov, V.; Atroshchenko, Y. Antibiotic Resistance in Metal-Tolerant Microorganisms from Treatment Facilities. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121678
Perelomov L, Sizova O, Gertsen M, Perelomova I, Arlyapov V, Atroshchenko Y. Antibiotic Resistance in Metal-Tolerant Microorganisms from Treatment Facilities. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(12):1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121678
Chicago/Turabian StylePerelomov, Leonid, Olga Sizova, Maria Gertsen, Irina Perelomova, Vyacheslav Arlyapov, and Yury Atroshchenko. 2023. "Antibiotic Resistance in Metal-Tolerant Microorganisms from Treatment Facilities" Antibiotics 12, no. 12: 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121678
APA StylePerelomov, L., Sizova, O., Gertsen, M., Perelomova, I., Arlyapov, V., & Atroshchenko, Y. (2023). Antibiotic Resistance in Metal-Tolerant Microorganisms from Treatment Facilities. Antibiotics, 12(12), 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121678