Lower Concentrations of Amphotericin B Combined with Ent-Hardwickiic Acid Are Effective against Candida Strains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Candida Strains
4.2. Antifungal Agents
4.3. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antifungal Compounds
4.4. Checkerboard Microdilution Method
4.5. Time–Kill Assays
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strains | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans Resistant Strain | C. albicans ATCC 10231 | C. krusei ATCC 6258 | ||||||||||
MIC 1 Alone (µg/mL): 16 | MIC 2 Alone (µg/mL): 12.5 | MIC 1 Alone (µg/mL): 8 | MIC 2 Alone (µg/mL): 6.25 | MIC 1 Alone (µg/mL): 8 | MIC 2 Alone (µg/mL): 3.12 | |||||||
MIC Combinated 1 (µg/mL) | MIC Combinated 2 (µg/mL) | Ʃ FIC | Interaction Type * | MIC Combinated 2 (µg/mL) | Ʃ FIC | Interaction Type * | MIC Combinated 2 (µg/mL) | Ʃ FIC | Interaction Type * | |||
16 | 1.56 | 1.12 | Indifferent | 0.39 | 2.06 | Indifferent | 0.195 | 2.06 | Indifferent | |||
8 | 1.56 | 0.62 | Additive | 0.39 | 1.06 | Indifferent | 0.195 | 1.06 | Indifferent | |||
4 | 3.12 | 0.50 | Synergism | 0.39 | 0.56 | Additive | 0.195 | 0.56 | Additive | |||
2 | 6.25 | 0.62 | Additive | 0.39 | 0.31 | Synergism | 0.195 | 0.31 | Synergism | |||
1 | 6.25 | 0.56 | Additive | 0.78 | 0.24 | Synergism | 0.39 | 0.25 | Synergism | |||
0.5 | 12.5 | 1.03 | Indifferent | 0.78 | 0.18 | Synergism | 0.39 | 0.18 | Synergism | |||
0.25 | 12.5 | 1.01 | Indifferent | 1.56 | 0.28 | Synergism | 0.39 | 0.15 | Synergism | |||
0.125 | 12.5 | 1.00 | Additive | 3.12 | 0.50 | Synergism | 0.39 | 0.14 | Synergism | |||
0.062 | 25 | 2.00 | Indifferent | 3.12 | 0.50 | Synergism | 0.78 | 0.25 | Synergism | |||
0.031 | 25 | 2.00 | Indifferent | 3.12 | 0.50 | Synergism | 0.78 | 0.24 | Synergism | |||
0.0156 | 25 | 2.00 | Indifferent | 6.25 | 1.00 | Additive | 0.78 | 0.25 | Synergism |
Strains | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. Albicans Resistant Strain | C. albicans ATCC 10231 | C. krusei ATCC 6258 | ||||
Amphotericin B (1) and Ent-Hardwickiic Acid (2) (µg/mL) | ||||||
Selected Combinations | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
1° | 0.25 | 12.5 | 0.031 | 3.12 | 0.0156 | 0.78 |
2° | 0.5 | 12.5 | 0.125 | 3.12 | 0.031 | 0.78 |
3° | 1 | 6.25 | 0.25 | 1.56 | 0.062 | 0.78 |
4° | 4 | 3.12 | 0.5 | 0.78 | 0.25 | 0.39 |
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Teixeira, M.V.S.; Aldana-Mejía, J.A.; da Silva Ferreira, M.E.; Furtado, N.A.J.C. Lower Concentrations of Amphotericin B Combined with Ent-Hardwickiic Acid Are Effective against Candida Strains. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030509
Teixeira MVS, Aldana-Mejía JA, da Silva Ferreira ME, Furtado NAJC. Lower Concentrations of Amphotericin B Combined with Ent-Hardwickiic Acid Are Effective against Candida Strains. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(3):509. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030509
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeixeira, Maria V. Sousa, Jennyfer A. Aldana-Mejía, Márcia E. da Silva Ferreira, and Niege A. J. Cardoso Furtado. 2023. "Lower Concentrations of Amphotericin B Combined with Ent-Hardwickiic Acid Are Effective against Candida Strains" Antibiotics 12, no. 3: 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030509