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Antibiotics
Volume 13
Issue 12
10.3390/antibiotics13121228
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Review

Classical and Modern Models for Biofilm Studies: A Comprehensive Review

by
Zhihe Yang
1,2,
Sadaf Aiman Khan
2,3,4,
Laurence J. Walsh
2,
Zyta M. Ziora
3,4 and
Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
2,*
1
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
2
Oral Health Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
3
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
4
Indian Institute of Technology (IITD) Delhi, University of Queensland, New Delhi 110016, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2024, 13(12), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121228
Submission received: 21 October 2024 / Revised: 30 November 2024 / Accepted: 13 December 2024 / Published: 18 December 2024
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Abstract

Biofilms are structured microbial communities that adhere to various abiotic and biotic surfaces, where organisms are encased in an exo-polysaccharide matrix. Organisms within biofilms use various mechanisms that help them resist external challenges, such as antibiotics, rendering them more resistant to drugs. Therefore, researchers have attempted to develop suitable laboratory models to study the physical features of biofilms, their resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, and their gene and protein expression profiles. However, current laboratory models suffer from various limitations. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the various designs that have been used for laboratory biofilm models, presenting their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we have provided insight into improving these models to more closely simulate real-life scenarios, using newly developed techniques in additive manufacturing, synthetic biology, and bioengineering.
Keywords: biofilms; laboratory models; micro-environments biofilms; laboratory models; micro-environments

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, Z.; Khan, S.A.; Walsh, L.J.; Ziora, Z.M.; Seneviratne, C.J. Classical and Modern Models for Biofilm Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121228

AMA Style

Yang Z, Khan SA, Walsh LJ, Ziora ZM, Seneviratne CJ. Classical and Modern Models for Biofilm Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(12):1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Zhihe, Sadaf Aiman Khan, Laurence J. Walsh, Zyta M. Ziora, and Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne. 2024. "Classical and Modern Models for Biofilm Studies: A Comprehensive Review" Antibiotics 13, no. 12: 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121228

APA Style

Yang, Z., Khan, S. A., Walsh, L. J., Ziora, Z. M., & Seneviratne, C. J. (2024). Classical and Modern Models for Biofilm Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics, 13(12), 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121228

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