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Volume 13
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10.3390/antibiotics13040292
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Article

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Rural Communities Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Climate Change in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study

by
Abdifatah Muktar Muhummed
1,2,3,*,
Ashenafi Alemu
4,
Yahya Osman Maidane
1,2,3,
Rea Tschopp
1,2,4,
Jan Hattendorf
1,2,
Pascale Vonaesch
5,
Jakob Zinsstag
1,2 and
Guéladio Cissé
1,2
1
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
2
Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
3
Institute of Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga P.O. Box 1020, Ethiopia
4
Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia
5
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2024, 13(4), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040292
Submission received: 25 February 2024 / Revised: 15 March 2024 / Accepted: 19 March 2024 / Published: 22 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Use in Elderly Patients)
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Abstract

There is an urgent need for interventions in addressing the rapid and disproportionate impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and climate change (CC) on low- and middle-income countries. Within this context, it is important to understand indigenous knowledge in rural communities, which are highly affected. This study examined knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding AMR and CC in the Adadle district, Somali region, Ethiopia, utilizing mixed methods, including 362 surveys and 12 focus group discussions among rural communities. Findings showed that 39% and 63% of participants were familiar with AMR and CC, respectively. Of those surveyed, 57% attributed AMR to inappropriate antimicrobial use in animals and humans, while CC was often associated with Allah/God. Multivariable analysis indicated that males exhibited superior knowledge and a positive attitude towards AMR and CC. Additionally, individuals aged 26–35 and 36–45 years showed heightened awareness of AMR and CC, respectively. Moreover, participants who were government employees, pastoralists, and business owners showed better knowledge on CC compared to family caretaker. Religious education and households with more than six members were linked to lower AMR knowledge. This study underlines a greater awareness of CC than AMR and highlights gender-based disparities, recommending integrated educational AMR programs targeting different demographics through a One Health lens, actively involving females, and incorporating local beliefs and practices.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; climate change; knowledge; attitude; practice; community; Ethiopia antimicrobial resistance; climate change; knowledge; attitude; practice; community; Ethiopia

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Muhummed, A.M.; Alemu, A.; Maidane, Y.O.; Tschopp, R.; Hattendorf, J.; Vonaesch, P.; Zinsstag, J.; Cissé, G. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Rural Communities Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Climate Change in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040292

AMA Style

Muhummed AM, Alemu A, Maidane YO, Tschopp R, Hattendorf J, Vonaesch P, Zinsstag J, Cissé G. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Rural Communities Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Climate Change in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(4):292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040292

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhummed, Abdifatah Muktar, Ashenafi Alemu, Yahya Osman Maidane, Rea Tschopp, Jan Hattendorf, Pascale Vonaesch, Jakob Zinsstag, and Guéladio Cissé. 2024. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Rural Communities Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Climate Change in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study" Antibiotics 13, no. 4: 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040292

APA Style

Muhummed, A. M., Alemu, A., Maidane, Y. O., Tschopp, R., Hattendorf, J., Vonaesch, P., Zinsstag, J., & Cissé, G. (2024). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Rural Communities Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Climate Change in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Antibiotics, 13(4), 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040292

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