Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modes of Action and Mechanisms of AMPs
2.1. Membrane Targeting
2.2. Non-Membrane Targeting
3. AMP Modification to Enhance Antimicrobial Activity
AMP | Materials | Biomedical Results | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|
T9W | Poly (ethylene glycol) | Anti-tripsin ability by self-assembled micelle structure Enhanced antibacterial effect 1.5–4 times against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria Reduced lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines by P. aeruginosa PAO1 | [81] |
Lysine and Valine | Poly (amidoamine) | Stable aerosolization, sustained release by nanoparticle formulation with tannic acid and iron ion Stability in intracellular environment Colocalization with endo/lysosome expected targeting bacteria in lung macrophage | [82] |
KR-12 | Poly carprolactone Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate | Specific binding effects by coating with macropharge membrane Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA Increased adhesion and protection effects of main organ-involved sepsis | [85,86] |
KRWWKWWRR | Hydoxyapatite binding peptide-1 | Providing implant with inhibited adhesion and antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. mutans | [87] |
9P2-2 | Ampicillin | Improved antibacterial activity against ampicillin-resistant A. baumannii Non-toxicity to mammalian cell | [88] |
WRK | Acrylamide | High antibacterial activity by bacteria-mediated polymerization against E. coli and P. aeruginosa | [89] |
G3KL | Chitosan | Boosting bacterial killing (P. aeruginosa) Decreased hemolytic activity by conjugation High biocomaptibility of dressing form | [84] |
LWFYTMWH | Poly (ethylene glycol) | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and Bacillus sp. | [90] |
Chimeric PR-39 | Cell penetrating peptide (R6) | Fast and non-resistant antibacterial effect High biosafety in vitro (64 uM of peptide) and in mice (~30 mg peptide/kg) | [91] |
4. AMP Application for Biomaterials
4.1. Surface-Based Applications
AMP | Materials | Biomedical Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
GL13K | Collagen membrane | Improved antimicrobial and antifouling activity, accelerated bone formation | [104] |
GL13K | Mineralized collagen gel | Killing of Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. Gordonii, cytocompatible with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells | [107] |
GL13K | Sandblasting and acid-etching-treated titanium | Sustained-release property, antibacterial property, oestoblast proliferation, and adhesion in vitro | [105] |
QAGSNKGASQKGMS | Dopamine, 304 stainless steel | Antifouling capacity, antibacterial and antialgal properties, superior anticorrosion | [108] |
ε-Polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PL), Nisin, | Starch/PBAT film | Higher moisture permeability and oxygen barrier property, synergistic antimicrobial effect | [106] |
Lysozyme | Doapmine-modified graphene oxide | Antimicrobial activity, accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammation, improved angiogenesis, and accelerated re-epithelialization | [109] |
Hs05 and Hs06 | Ureasil–polyether hybrid polymeric films | Antimicrobial activity | [110] |
TCP-25 | Polyurethane | Anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, reduced the concomitant inflammatory response | [111] |
M2-DA | Stainless steel | Excellent antibacterial activity | [112] |
HHC-36 | Pectolite nanorods on Ti implants | Antimicrobial activity while promoting cell adhesion, regulates the degradation of Ca- and Si-based ceramic | [113] |
RRP9W4N | Mesoporous titania | Antibacterial activity, no negative effects on in vivo osseointegration | [114] |
RRP9W4N | Surface-modified titanium implants with elastin-like polypeptide | Antibacterial activity, enabled mammalian osteogenic cell adhesion | [115] |
HX-12C | Chitosan flim | Good antibacterial actibity, strong antibiofilm ability | [116] |
4.2. Particle-Based Applications
AMP | Materials | Biomedical Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Ura56 | Gold nanoparticle | Peptide stability against protease Bacteria-killing effect against antibiotic-resistant bacteria by membrane attachment and lysis Antibiofilm activity | [117] |
LL-37 | Titanium dioxide nanoparticle | Higher membrane attachment ability to anionic membrane compared to mammalian cell-like zwitterionic membrane | [121] |
AS-48 | Biomimetic magnetic nanoparticle | Enhanced growth inhibition effects against E. coli compared to free peptide | [122] |
Ib-M2 | Iron oxide nanoparticle coated with chitosan | Enhanced growth inhibiton effects against E. coli compared to free peptide | [123] |
KYE21 and WWWKYE21 | Titanium dioxide nanoparticle | Bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-like membrane attachment using peptide Enhanced antibacterial effects against E. coli Selective toxicity between bacteria and human cell | [119] |
NGIVKAGPAIAVLGEAAL and JH8194 sequence | Silver nanoparticle with silk fidronin | Silver release at pH 5.0 Bacterial membrane permeability and bactericidal effect against MRSA In vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity | [124] |
LL37 | Gold nanoparticle | Antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bactria More or less cytotoxicity to endothelial cell Angiogenic activity | [125] |
CCLLLLRRRRRR | Silver nanoclusters | Interaction with bacterial membrane targeting lipopolysaccharide 100-fold higher inhibition activity against E. coli compared to commercial silver nanoparticle | [126] |
Thiol-terminated DDL90 BLG10 | Gold nanoparticle | Antibacterial activity against MRSA using over-production of reactive oxygen species In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility | [127] |
Cathelicidin-BF | Nanoparticles composed of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and silk fibroin | Increased antibacterial effects against E. coli Lipopolysaccaride adsorption In vivo therapeutic effect against ulcerative colitis | [118] |
SAAP-148 | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid | Increased antibacterial activities (10–20 fold) and antibiofilm activities against antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii | [128] |
PA-13 | Chitosan Dextran sulfate | Improved stability against protease Maintained antibaterial activites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in trysine-challenged conditions | [129] |
SET-M33 | poly(lactide-co-glycolide) conjugated with polyethylene glycol | Enhanced penetration of artifical mucus and bacterial alginate by PEGlyation Sustained release and persistent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa | [130] |
Trp-Arg-Trp-Arg-Trp-Tyr (WRWRWY) | Self-assembly after oxidization by tyrosinase | Positively increased surface charge Reactive oxygen stress scattering effects Stronger antibacterial efffect against E.coli and S. aureus compared to WRWRWY Boosted wound healing in mice skin | [120] |
Gramicidin A‘ Alamethicin Melittin Indolicidin Pexiganan Cecropin A | lipid-based inverse bicontinuous cubic phase nanoparticles (cubosomes) | Enhanced antibacterial activity of indolicidin (against S. aureus and Bacillus cereus) and alamethicin (against Bacillus cereus) after cubosome formulation | [131] |
4.3. Three-Dimensional Printing-Based Applications
AMP | Materials | Biomedical Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
S100A12 | Mucoadhesive helatin methacryloyl/chisosan methacryloyl hedrogel | Strong antibacterial properties, reduced the bacterial load in vivo | [135] |
Silk fibroin | Silica-silk fibroin-cecropin melittin-RGD aeregel | Potent bactericidal efficiency toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, osteoconductivity of the scaffold. | [137] |
Ponericin G1 | BMP-2, poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide), dopamine | Maintain long-term antibacterial activity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation | [138] |
3-poly-L-lysine (EPL) | polycaprolactone/ hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) | Cytocompatible as well as capable of osteogenic differentiation and antimicrobial activity in vitro | [139] |
Ponericin G1 | gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite, dopamine | Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) were effectively inhibited up to 24 h, and the inhibition zone could remain for 72 h. | [140] |
P1 (poly(L-lysine)), P2 (poly(Lglutamic acid)) | N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers | Antimicrobial displaying a significant 6–7-fold log10 reduction, with the built-in capacity to enhance the mechanical and biological properties | [141] |
Mel4 | Polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) | reducing the microbial count on PEEK surfaces, no growth-inhibiting effect on osteoblastic cells | [136] |
RWRWRWA-(Bpa) | Ultrafiltration membranes | cell membrane disruption, antibacterial activity and reduced biofilm growth | [142] |
5. Challenges and Future Perspectives
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Min, K.H.; Kim, K.H.; Ki, M.-R.; Pack, S.P. Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090794
Min KH, Kim KH, Ki M-R, Pack SP. Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(9):794. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090794
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin, Ki Ha, Koung Hee Kim, Mi-Ran Ki, and Seung Pil Pack. 2024. "Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review" Antibiotics 13, no. 9: 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090794