Machine Learning in FTIR Spectrum for the Identification of Antibiotic Resistance: A Demonstration with Different Species of Microorganisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Gram-Positives Species: S. pyogenes and S. mutans
2.2. Gram-Negative Species: E. coli and K. pneumoniae
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Samples Preparation and FTIR Spectra Acquisition
4.2. Microorganisms
4.3. Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy
4.4. FTIR Spectra Database Analysis Process Overview
4.5. Methodology Developed to Find/Determine the Effect of the Antibiotics
4.6. Machine Learning Algorithms
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Group | Bacteria | Molecular Window Interval Groups | Antibiotic Resistance Susceptibility Identified | Result Machine Learning Identification | Real Antibiotic Susceptibility |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram-positive | Streptococcus pyogenes | Carbohydrates | AMO | AMO | Accurate |
Fatty acids | AMO | ||||
Proteins | AMO | ||||
Streptococcus mutans | Carbohydrates | GEN | ERY | Accurate | |
Fatty acids | ERY | ||||
Proteins | ERY | ||||
Gram-negative | Escherichia coli | Carbohydrates | GEN | GEN, ERY, and AMO | Accurate |
Fatty acids | ERY | ||||
Proteins | AMO | ||||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | Carbohydrates | CONTROL | ERY | Accurate | |
Fatty acids | ERY | ||||
Proteins | ERY |
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Barrera Patiño, C.P.; Soares, J.M.; Blanco, K.C.; Bagnato, V.S. Machine Learning in FTIR Spectrum for the Identification of Antibiotic Resistance: A Demonstration with Different Species of Microorganisms. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090821
Barrera Patiño CP, Soares JM, Blanco KC, Bagnato VS. Machine Learning in FTIR Spectrum for the Identification of Antibiotic Resistance: A Demonstration with Different Species of Microorganisms. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(9):821. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090821
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarrera Patiño, Claudia Patricia, Jennifer Machado Soares, Kate Cristina Blanco, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. 2024. "Machine Learning in FTIR Spectrum for the Identification of Antibiotic Resistance: A Demonstration with Different Species of Microorganisms" Antibiotics 13, no. 9: 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090821