Exploring Antibiotic Use in the Community: A Household-Based Survey Using the Drug Bag Method in Rural Burkina Faso
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Respondents’ Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.2. Sources of Drug Procurement in the Study Households
2.3. Recognition of Antibiotics
- -
- Amoxicillin: amoxicillin or ‘toupaye white head’;
- -
- Oxytetracycline: ‘toupaye red head’;
- -
- Norfloxacin: ‘toupaye chinois’ or ‘Chinese toupaye’;
- -
- Ampicillin: ‘toupaye black head’.
2.4. Commonly Used Antibiotics
2.5. Health Complaints Leading to ABU
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Context
4.2. Study Sites
4.3. Study Participants and Sampling Strategies
4.4. Data Collection Procedures
4.5. Data Processing and Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall | Nanoro | Nazoanga | Gouroumbila | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 423 | 232 | 125 | 66 | |
Gender = Male, n (%) | 175 (41.4) | 99 (42.7) | 52 (41.6) | 24 (36.4) | |
Main occupation, n (%): | Agriculture/farming | 271 (64.1) | 97 (41.8) | 115 (92.0) | 59 (89.4) |
Merchant | 46 (10.9) | 44 (19.0) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Pupil/student | 27 (6.4) | 25 (10.8) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.5) | |
Other | 19 (4.5) | 12 (5.2) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (6.1) | |
Craftsman | 17 (4.0) | 14 (6.0) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (1.5) | |
Private sector officer | 16 (3.8) | 16 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Government officer | 11 (2.6) | 9 (3.9) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Housewife | 9 (2.1) | 9 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
None | 6 (1.4) | 5 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | |
Independent | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Level of education, n (%): | Uneducated | 243 (57.4) | 110 (47.4) | 94 (75.2) | 39 (59.1) |
Incomplete primary school | 55 (13.0) | 29 (12.5) | 19 (15.2) | 7 (10.6) | |
Informal education | 38 (9.0) | 17 (7.3) | 6 (4.8) | 15 (22.7) | |
Incomplete secondary | 48 (11.3) | 45 (19.4) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (3.0) | |
Secondary | 17 (4.0) | 13 (5.6) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (1.5) | |
Primary school | 12 (2.8) | 9 (3.9) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (3.0) | |
University | 10 (2.4) | 9 (3.9) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
Drug storing, n (%): | No | 217 (51.3) | 105 (45.3) | 82 (65.6) | 30 (45.5) |
Yes | 206 (48.7) | 127 (54.7) | 43 (34.4) | 36 (54.5) |
Antibiotics (N = 423) | n | % |
---|---|---|
Amoxicillin tablet | 398 | 93.4 |
Oxytetracycline tablet | 369 | 86.6 |
Ampicillin tablet | 298 | 70.0 |
Metronidazole tablet | 295 | 69.2 |
Norfloxacin tablet | 293 | 68.8 |
Amoxicillin suspension | 247 | 58.0 |
Ciprofloxacin tablet | 210 | 49.3 |
Cotrimoxazole tablet | 210 | 49.3 |
Penicillin V tablet | 204 | 47.9 |
Gentamicin eye/ear | 203 | 47.7 |
Lincomycin tablet | 203 | 47.9 |
Gentamicin eye | 200 | 46.9 |
Metronidazole suspension | 191 | 44.8 |
Cotrimoxazole suspension | 181 | 42.5 |
Erythromycin stearate tablet | 181 | 42.5 |
Erythromycin stearate suspension | 172 | 40.4 |
Cipro eye/ear drop | 130 | 30.5 |
Cloxacillin sodium suspension | 121 | 28.4 |
Diloxanide metronidazole suspension | 104 | 24.4 |
Clavulanic acid tablet | 89 | 20.9 |
Cefixime suspension | 85 | 20.0 |
Penicillin injection | 82 | 19.2 |
Ampicillin sodique | 82 | 19.2 |
Cloxacillin tablet | 76 | 17.8 |
Clavulanic acid suspension | 76 | 17.8 |
Ciprofloxacin tinidazole | 62 | 14.6 |
Ceftriaxone injection | 60 | 14.1 |
Cefixime tablet | 58 | 13.6 |
Azithromycin tablet | 47 | 11.0 |
Clavulanic acid injection | 42 | 9.9 |
Neomycin polydexa | 40 | 9.4 |
Clarithromycin tablet | 35 | 8.2 |
Flucloxacin tablet | 20 | 4.7 |
Antibiotics | N * | % |
---|---|---|
Amoxicillin tablet | 367 | 10.8 |
Oxytetracycline tablet | 288 | 8.5 |
Ampicillin tablet | 245 | 7.2 |
Metronidazole tablet | 239 | 7.0 |
Norfloxacin tablet | 223 | 6.6 |
Amoxicillin suspension | 200 | 5.9 |
Co-trimoxazole tablet | 157 | 4.6 |
Gentamicin eye/ear (drop) | 147 | 4.3 |
Metronidazole suspension | 142 | 4.2 |
Ciprofloxacin tablet | 135 | 4.0 |
Co-trimoxazole suspension | 134 | 3.9 |
Gentamicin eye (drop) | 130 | 3.8 |
Penicillin V tablet | 127 | 3.7 |
Lincomycin tablet | 115 | 3.4 |
Erythromycin stearate suspension | 107 | 3.1 |
Erythromycin stearate tablet | 88 | 2.6 |
Diloxanide furoate metronidazole suspension | 74 | 2.2 |
Cloxacillin sodium suspension | 71 | 2.1 |
Ciprofloxacin eye/ear drop (Boncipro) | 65 | 1.9 |
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid tablet | 48 | 1.4 |
Cefixime (Ceficap) suspension | 48 | 1.4 |
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid suspension | 39 | 1.1 |
Penicillin V injection | 32 | 0.9 |
Cefixime tablet | 28 | 0.8 |
Ceftriaxone injection | 26 | 0.8 |
Ampicillin sodium (injection) | 23 | 0.7 |
Azithromycin tablet | 19 | 0.6 |
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid injection (Clavuject) | 18 | 0.5 |
Ciprofloxacin tinidazole (Ciprozole forte) tablet | 17 | 0.5 |
Neomycin+Polymyxine B eye drop | 15 | 0.4 |
Clarithromycin tablet (Clariva) | 14 | 0.4 |
Cloxacillin tablet | 14 | 0.4 |
Flucloxacillin tablet | 6 | 0.2 |
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Compaoré, A.; Rouamba, T.; Kaboré, B.; Jacobs, J.; Peeters Grietens, K.; Sariola, S. Exploring Antibiotic Use in the Community: A Household-Based Survey Using the Drug Bag Method in Rural Burkina Faso. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090872
Compaoré A, Rouamba T, Kaboré B, Jacobs J, Peeters Grietens K, Sariola S. Exploring Antibiotic Use in the Community: A Household-Based Survey Using the Drug Bag Method in Rural Burkina Faso. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(9):872. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090872
Chicago/Turabian StyleCompaoré, Adélaïde, Toussaint Rouamba, Bérenger Kaboré, Jan Jacobs, Koen Peeters Grietens, and Salla Sariola. 2024. "Exploring Antibiotic Use in the Community: A Household-Based Survey Using the Drug Bag Method in Rural Burkina Faso" Antibiotics 13, no. 9: 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090872