Characterization of Endophytic Streptomyces griseorubens MPT42 and Assessment of Antimicrobial Synergistic Interactions of Its Extract and Essential Oil from Host Plant Litsea cubeba
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification and Characterization of Antibiotic-Producing Endophytic Actinomycete MPT42
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity of the Crude Ethyl Acetate Extract (CEAE) and Essential Oil (EO)
2.3. Effect of the L. cubeba EO on Viability and Cell Morphology of E. coli
2.4. Combined Antimicrobial Effects Against Microbial Strains
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Screening for Antibacterial Activity
4.2. Characteristics of the Endophytic Actinomycete MPT42
4.3. Amplification of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Genes and 16S rRNA Encoding Gene
4.4. Preparation of L. cubeba Fruit EO and CEAE From MPT42 Culture
4.5. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
4.6. Time-Killing Assay
4.7. Effects of L. cubeba EO on Bacterial Cell Viability and Morphology
4.8. Microdilution Checkerboard Assays
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacterial Species | Zone of Inhibition (D ± SD, mm) # |
---|---|
Gram-positive bacteria | |
Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 | 27.5d ± 0.5 |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | 44.0a ± 2.0 |
Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061 | 18.0f ± 2.0 |
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11778 | 36.3b ± 1.1 |
MRSE | 28.2d ± 0.5 |
Gram-negative bacteria | |
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 32.3c ± 0.4 |
Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 24.8e ± 0.9 |
Proteus vulgaris ATCC 49132 | 11.4h ± 0.4 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | 17.2g ± 0.9 |
Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 | 18.3f ± 0.4 |
Characteristic | Result | Characteristic | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Morphological Characteristics | Fructose | + | |
Aerial mycelium | Grey and white | Rhamnose | + |
Substrate mycelium | Faint-brown | Saccharose | − |
Diffusible pigment | − | Sorbitol | + |
Spore chain | Spiral | Trehalose | + |
Spore surface | Spiny | Asparagin | + |
Spore shape | Oval-shaped | Histidine | − |
Physiological Properties | Phenylalanin | − | |
Temperature range for growth | 25–37 °C | Leucin | + |
Optimum temperature | 35 °C | Tryptophan | + |
pH range for growth | 6–10 | Arginin | + |
Optimum pH | 8 | Isoleucin | + |
NaCl range for growth | 0.5–5% | Valin | + |
Optimum NaCl | 1% | Methionin | + |
Biochemical Properties | Lysin | + | |
Glucose | + | Threonin | + |
Galactose | + | Cystein | + |
Mantose | + | Manitol | + |
Lactose | − | Biosynthetic Genes | |
Arabinose | + | pks-I | + |
Glucosamine | + | pks-II | + |
Myo-inositol | + | nrps | + |
Bacteria | MIC of Antimicrobial Agents (mean ± SD, µg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
EO | CEAE | Erythromycin | Vancomycin | |
Gram-positive bacteria | ||||
Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061 | 2800 ± 0 | 300 ± 0 | 6.7 ± 2.3 | 1.0 ± 0 |
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11778 | 2800 ± 0 | 200 ± 0 | 10.7 ± 4.6 | 2.0 ± 0 |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | 2800 ± 0 | 80 ± 0 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0 |
MRSA | 3700 ± 1.6 | 1500 ± 0 | 4.0 ± 0 | 2.0 ± 0 |
MRSE | 3700 ± 1.6 | 400 ± 0.1 | 8.0 ± 0 | 3.3 ± 1.2 |
Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 | 1200 ± 0.4 | 600 ± 0 | 16.0 ± 0 | 16.0 ± 0.6 |
Gram-negative bacteria | ||||
Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654 | 2800 ± 0 | 600 ± 0 | 128.0 ± 0 | 128.0 ± 0 |
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 5500 ± 0 | 100 ± 0 | 32.0 ± 0 | 64.0 ± 0 |
Proteus vulgaris ATCC 49132 | 700 ± 0 | 600 ± 0 | 16.0 ± 0 | 64.0 ± 0 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | 2300 ± 0.8 | 400 ± 0.1 | 256.0 ± 0 | 32.0 ± 0 |
Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 5500 ± 0 | 100 ± 0 | 64.0 ± 0 | 64.0 ± 0 |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 | 5500 ± 0 | 200 ± 0 | 42.7 ± 18.5 | 128.0 ± 0 |
Bacterial Species | Combined EO and Antimicrobial Agents | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEAE | E | VA | ||||
MIC (μg/mL) | FIC Index* (mean ± SD) | MIC (μg/mL) | FIC Index * (mean ± SD) | MIC (µg/mL) | FIC Index* (mean ± SD) | |
Gram-positive Bacteria | ||||||
B. cereus ATCC 13061 | 20 | 0.31 ± 0.0 (S) | 0.56 | 0.25 ± 0.06 (S) | 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.04 (I) |
B. subtilis ATCC 11778 | 50 | 0.31 ± 0.0 (S) | 0.89 | 0.21 ± 0.04 (S) | 0.21 | 0.35 ± 0.04 (S) |
S. aureus ATCC 25923 | 10 | 0.27 ± 0.04 (S) | 0.04 | 0.19 ± 0.00 (S) | 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.04 (S) |
MRSA ATCC 33591 | 380 | 0.58 ± 0.14 (A) | 0.67 | 0.23 ± 0.07 (S) | 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.0 (A) |
MRSE ATCC 35984 | 50 | 0.19 ± 0.0 (S) | 2.67 | 0.42 ± 0.13 (S) | 1.65 | 0.58 ± 0.04 (A) |
L. innocua ATCC 35984 | 40 | 0.19 ± 0.0 (S) | 2.0 | 0.63 ± 0.11 (A) | 3.33 | 0.38 ± 0.0 (S) |
Gram-negative Bacteria | ||||||
A. hydrophila ATCC 35654 | 60 | 0.35 ± 0.04 (S) | 42.7 | 0.54 ± 0.07 (A) | 8.0 | 0.31 ± 0.0 (S) |
E. coli ATCC 25922 | 20 | 0.27 ± 0.04 (S) | 4.0 | 0.23 ± 0.04 (S) | 16.0 | 0.56 ± 0.0 (A) |
P. vulgaris ATCC 49132 | 60 | 0.60 ± 0.04 (A) | 1.33 | 0.33 ± 0.04 (S) | 26.7 | 0.54 ± 0.04 (A) |
P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | 100 | 0.31 ± 0.0 (S) | 21.3 | 1.08 ± 0.04 (I) | 2.67 | 0.33 ± 0.04 (S) |
S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 6 | 1.06 ± 0.0 (I) | 32.0 | 0.56 ± 0.0 (A) | 53.3 | 1.83 ± 0.29 (I) |
V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 | 100 | 0.56 ± 0.0 (A) | 14.2 | 0.58 ± 0.14 (A) | 26.7 | 0.54 ± 0.07 (A) |
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Share and Cite
Nguyen, Q.H.; Nguyen, H.V.; Vu, T.H.-N.; Chu-Ky, S.; Vu, T.T.; Hoang, H.; Quach, N.T.; Bui, T.L.; Chu, H.H.; Khieu, T.N.; et al. Characterization of Endophytic Streptomyces griseorubens MPT42 and Assessment of Antimicrobial Synergistic Interactions of Its Extract and Essential Oil from Host Plant Litsea cubeba. Antibiotics 2019, 8, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040197
Nguyen QH, Nguyen HV, Vu TH-N, Chu-Ky S, Vu TT, Hoang H, Quach NT, Bui TL, Chu HH, Khieu TN, et al. Characterization of Endophytic Streptomyces griseorubens MPT42 and Assessment of Antimicrobial Synergistic Interactions of Its Extract and Essential Oil from Host Plant Litsea cubeba. Antibiotics. 2019; 8(4):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040197
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Quang Huy, Hai Van Nguyen, Thi Hanh-Nguyen Vu, Son Chu-Ky, Thu Trang Vu, Ha Hoang, Ngoc Tung Quach, Thi Lien Bui, Hoang Ha Chu, Thi Nhan Khieu, and et al. 2019. "Characterization of Endophytic Streptomyces griseorubens MPT42 and Assessment of Antimicrobial Synergistic Interactions of Its Extract and Essential Oil from Host Plant Litsea cubeba" Antibiotics 8, no. 4: 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040197