Development of Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric Impregnating AgNPs Utilizing Contemporary Practice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Combined NaOH and H2O2 Treatment
2.2.2. Impregnation with AgNPs
2.2.3. Dyeing
2.2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.2.5. ATR-FTIR Spectral Analysis
2.2.6. Color Distribution
2.2.7. Exhaustion and Fixation
2.2.8. Color Strength
2.2.9. Color Fastness
2.2.10. Antimicrobial Activity
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Modification of AgNPs Deposited on Samples
3.2. ATR-FTIR Spectra of AgNP-Deposited Samples
3.3. Color Distribution
3.4. Color Strength, Dye Exhaustion, and Dye Fixation
3.5. Color Fastness
3.6. Antimicrobial Efficiency
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WI | BI | L* | a* | b* | c* | H | Areal Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
68.38 | 94.19 | 93.68 | −0.30 | 3.67 | 3.68 | 94.74 | 172 g/m2 |
Course per Inch (CPI) | Wales per Inch (WPI) | Stitch Length (SL) |
---|---|---|
48 | 37 | 2.75 mm |
Chemicals/Parameters | Amount |
---|---|
Wetting agent | 1.0 g/L |
Sequestering agent | 0.5 g/L |
Detergent | 1.0 g/L |
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) | 10 g/L |
H2O2 stabilizer | 0.5 g/L |
Bleaching agent (H2O2) | 1.0 g/L |
Material–liquor ratio | 1:10 |
Temperature | 60 °C |
Time | 60 min |
Chemicals/Parameters | Amount |
---|---|
Soda ash | 5 g/L |
Glauber’s salt | 10 g/L |
Leveling agent | 1 g/L |
C.I. Direct Red 13 | 0.091% (on the weight of fabric) |
C.I. Direct Blue 8 | 0.075% (on the weight of fabric) |
C.I. Direct Yellow 8 | 0.0620% (on the weight of fabric) |
Material–liquor ratio | 1:10 |
Temperature | 60 °C |
Time | 60 min |
ΔE Values | Visual Appearance of Levelness | Extent of Unlevelness |
---|---|---|
≤0.20 | Excellent levelness | Unlevelness not detectable |
0.21–0.50 | Good levelness | Unlevelness noticeable under close examination |
0.51–1.0 | Poor levelness | Apparent unlevelness |
>1.0 | Bad levelness | Conspicuous unlevelness |
Sample Types | ∆E Values of Dyed Samples | Average ∆E | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R-1 | R-2 | R-3 | R-4 | R-5 | R-6 | R-7 | R-8 | R-9 | R-10 | ||
Batch Readings | |||||||||||
CF-0A | Standard | 0.142 | 0.138 | 0.161 | 0.122 | 0.152 | 0.143 | 0.114 | 0.117 | 0.094 | 0.131 |
CF-1A | 0.324 | 0.229 | 0.251 | 0.247 | 0.254 | 0.168 | 0.148 | 0.146 | 0.202 | 0.219 |
Color Fastness | Sample Code | Change in Color | Staining in Color | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetate | Cotton | Polyamide | Polyester | Acrylic | Wool | ||||
Wash fastness | CF-0A | 2–3 | 4–5 | 3–4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | |
CF-1A | 4 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | ||
Water fastness | CF-0A | 3 | 4–5 | 3–4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | |
CF-1A | 3–4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | ||
Perspiration | Acidic | CF-0A | 3–4 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 |
CF-1A | 4 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | ||
Alkaline | CF-0A | 3–4 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | |
CF-1A | 4 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 |
Sample Types | Rubbing Fastness | Light Fastness | |
---|---|---|---|
Dry Condition | Wet Condition | ||
CF-0A | 3 | 2–3 | 3 |
CF-1A | 3–4 | 3 | 3–4 |
Fabric Type | Washing Cycle | Bacterial Reduction (R%) for S. aureus (Gram-Positive) | Bacterial Reduction (R%) for E. coli (Gram-Negative) |
---|---|---|---|
CF-0A | No | Nil | Nil |
CF-1A | No | 89 | 81 |
1 | 77 | 72 | |
2 | 74 | 65 | |
5 | 67 | 62 | |
7 | 63 | 57 | |
10 | 62 | 55 |
Textile Materials | Deposition/Coating Method | Wash Cycles | Antibacterial Efficiency Reduction, % | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
100% cotton knitted fabric | In situ deposition | 10 | 30.34 | Present work |
100% cotton knitted fabric | In situ deposition | 10 | 39.34 | [22] |
Cotton fabric | Pad–dry–cure | 20 | 45.02 | [49] |
Plain cotton fabric | Pad–dry–cure | 10 | 50.00 | [50] |
Cotton fabric | Pad–dry–cure | 10 | 57.41 | [51] |
100% cotton fabric | Pad–dry–cure | 10 | 66.67 | [52] |
Cotton fabric | Impregnation by pressing | 10 | 100 | [53] |
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Repon, M.R.; Islam, T.; Sadia, H.T.; Mikučionienė, D.; Hossain, S.; Kibria, G.; Kaseem, M. Development of Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric Impregnating AgNPs Utilizing Contemporary Practice. Coatings 2021, 11, 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111413
Repon MR, Islam T, Sadia HT, Mikučionienė D, Hossain S, Kibria G, Kaseem M. Development of Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric Impregnating AgNPs Utilizing Contemporary Practice. Coatings. 2021; 11(11):1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111413
Chicago/Turabian StyleRepon, Md. Reazuddin, Tarikul Islam, Halima Tus Sadia, Daiva Mikučionienė, Shakhawat Hossain, Golam Kibria, and Mosab Kaseem. 2021. "Development of Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric Impregnating AgNPs Utilizing Contemporary Practice" Coatings 11, no. 11: 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111413